Mycotoxins

They are toxic secondary metabolites that are naturally produced by certain types of molds (fungi) such as Alternaria, Aspergillus, Claviceps, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Stachybotrys. Regarding structural and toxicological diversity, mycotoxins comprise a large group (between 300 and 400 distinct mycotoxins have been identified). Mycotoxins are typically developed during the growing or storage of vegetable commodities. Numerous organ systems, including the kidney, are targets for various mycotoxins, which have been recognized as toxicants in people and/or animal models. Multiple organ systems, including the kidney, are targets for a number of mycotoxins, which have been recognized as toxicants in human and/or animal models. Aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, patulin, citrinin, and ochratoxin A are typical examples of mycotoxins. Citrinin and ochratoxin A are potentially mycotoxins that have drawn the most attention as nephrotoxicants. Even though the majority of mycotoxins have...