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Cotton Genetics and Breeding

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Cotton Sector Development in Ethiopia

Part of the book series: Textile Science and Clothing Technology ((TSCT))

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Abstract

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a soft, fluffy staple fibre that develops in a boll, or protective casing, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. Arboreums are thought to be indigenous to India. G. herbaceum may have been introduced into western India from Arabia, Persia and Baluchistan, as well as race acerifolium. Cotton is the most widely used fibre in the production of clothing and other textiles. Around 25 million tonnes of cotton are currently produced worldwide. China and India produce the most cotton, followed by Brazil and the United States of America. Cotton is Ethiopia's most important cash crop, and it is vital to the country's agricultural, industrial and economic development. It provides basic raw materials (cotton fibre) to the textile industry for use in the domestic or export markets. Currently, 96% of cotton varieties grown in the country are upland, with DP 90 covering 80% of the acreage, Stam 59A (15%), Acala SJ2 (0.5%), and land races and local varieties accounting for the remaining 4%. Cotton cultivation has long been practiced in Ethiopia. Cotton is grown primarily in the Awash Valley, Gambela, Humera and Metema. Cotton has grown in many parts of the country. There are large potential areas in each region: Tigray has 269,130 ha; Amhara has 678,710 ha; South nations, nationalities and people region (SNNPR) has 600,900 ha; Oromia has 407,420 ha; Gambella has 316,450 ha; Benshangul has 303,170 ha; Afar has 200,000 ha and Somali has 225,000 ha. Germplasm enhancement, a lack of cotton seed production, and abiotic and biotic stresses are major production and cotton breeding constraints. Breeders are currently experimenting with these factors. Cotton breeding in Ethiopia has achieved varietal development. Among those released varieties, the major ones include disease resistance, high yield, pest resistance, high fibre quality, comfort to mechanical harvesting by increasing cotton height, early maturity and adaptability to harsh environments. In light of the challenges, we recommended the following feature directions for cotton breeders in Ethiopia. Work on extra-long cotton varieties, varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting, varieties for high fibre quality, varieties for biotic and abiotic resistance and upgrading breeding activities to modern biotechnological tools.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Oda Bultum University, Chiro, Ethiopia

    Anbesaw Gate & Alemu Abate

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Alemu Abate

  3. Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Bizuayehu Kerisew Semahagn

Authors
  1. Anbesaw Gate
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  2. Alemu Abate
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  3. Bizuayehu Kerisew Semahagn
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alemu Abate .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    K. Murugesh Babu

  2. Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Abera Kechi Kabish

  3. Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Getnet Belay Tesema

  4. Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Bizuayehu Kerisew Semahagn

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© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Gate, A., Abate, A., Semahagn, B.K. (2024). Cotton Genetics and Breeding. In: Murugesh Babu, K., Kabish, A.K., Tesema, G.B., Semahagn, B.K. (eds) Cotton Sector Development in Ethiopia. Textile Science and Clothing Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9149-5_2

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