Abstract
Since 2005, we have developed compost toilets (dry toilets) as alternative toilets used by residents to reduce pollution in rivers and make efficient use of limited clean water. The advantage of this technology is that it is compact, and does not require large space and pi** for the flow of clean water or wastewater. Sawdust is used as a natural microbial growth matrix/media to degrade feces and urine into CO2 and H2O. After 2–3 months of use, the mixed media with mineral residues can be harvested and used as compost. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and potential impact of introducing composting toilet technology as a sustainable solution for water resource management in urban slum areas of Indonesia. By reducing the reliance on clean water for black water transportation, composting toilets offer a promising alternative that can alleviate the complexities associated with limited sanitation facilities and water availability. The study further explores the acceptance of the user community, with a particular emphasis on the role of women in embracing and promoting composting toilet technology as an effective water-saving toilet system.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agestika L, Sintawardani N, Hamidah U, Nyambe S, Yamauchi T (2022) Pattern of child faeces management and disposable diaper usage among under-fives in an Urban Slum of Bandung, Indonesia. J Water Sanitation Hygiene Dev 12(1):32. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.099
BPS-Statistics Indonesia (2023) Statistical Year Book of Indonesia 2023. ISSN: 0126-2912
National Geographic Indonesia (2016) LimbahDomestik, Musuh Utama Sungai Indonesia, 17 July 2016. https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/13305951/limbah-domestik-musuh-utama-sungai-indonesia
Otsuka Y, Agestika L, Widyarani, Sintawardani N, Yamauchi T (2019) Risk factors for undernutrition and Diarrhea prevalence in an urban slum in Indonesia: focus on water, sanitation, and Hygiene. Am J Trop Med Hyg. Mar; 100(3):727–732. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0063
Sintawardani N, Tri Astuti J, Nilawati D (2017) Evaluation of corn stalk as matrix in Decomposting toilet for treating urine and Feces. Proceedings 1st internationl symposium on green technology for value chains. IOP Conference series: earth and environmental science 60(2017)0 012016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/60/1/012016
Sintawardani N, Irie M, Triastuti J, Ishikawa T, Affendi M (2005) Feasibility of introducing the bio-toilet to decrease the water pollution in an open canal: a case study in Kiarocondong Slum Area in Bandung City. Proceedings of the internasional water association (IWA) Conference 2005, **’an-China, 18–20 May 2005, pp 101–109
Sintawardani N, Ushijima K, Hamida U, Deguchi Y, Triastuti J, Funamizu N, Irie M, Ishikawa T (2019) Experiment of a resource-oriented agro sanitation. In: Funamizu N (ed) Resource-oriented agro-saitation systems: concept, business model, and technology. Springer, Tokyo, pp 291–314
Soedjatmiko B, Triastuti J, Hamidah U (2006) Pattern of groundwater contaminations in a heavily populated area: a preliminary study at Kiaracondong, East Bandung, Indonesia. Proceedings the 4th international symposium on sustainable sanitation, September 2006, pp 44–53
Tim PenyusunanLaporanTujuan Pembangunan Milenium (MDGs) Indonesia Tahun 2007. Kementerian Negara Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (2007) Laporan Perkembangan Pencapaian Millennium Development Goals Indonesia 2007, pp 85–94
Triastuti J, Nilawati D, Sintawardani N, Ushijima K (2016) Human excreta discharging system and potential nutrient recovery of ecological sanitation concept is implemented in slum Area of Kiaracondong. Bandung. Teknologi Indonesia 39(2):108–117
Ushijima K, Sintawardani N, Ikemi M (2022) Chapter 13, social relationship and material flow in the co-creation of sanitation systems. In: Yamauchi T et al. (eds), The sanitation triangle, global environmental studies, Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7711-3_13
Ushijima K, Funamizu N, Nabeshima T, Hijikata N, Ito R, Sou M, Maiga AH, Sintawardani N (2015) The PostmodernSanitation :agro-sanitation business model as a new policy. Water Policy 17:283–298. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.093
Ushijima K, Irie M, Sintawardani N, Triastuti J, Hamidah U, Ishikawa T, Funamizu N (2013) Sustainable design of sanitation system based on material and value flow analysis for urban slum in Indonesia. Front Environ Sci Eng 7(1):120–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-012-0460-5
UN-HABITAT (2010) State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011: bridging the urban divide. Earthscan, London
UN (2001) Road map towards the implementation of the united nations millennium declaration: report of the secretary-general. United Nations, New York
UN (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. A/RES/70/1
WHO (2013) World will miss MDG Target (2.4 billion people will lack improved sanitation in 2015). https://www.who.int/news/item/13-05-2013-2-4-billion-people-will-lack-improved-sanitation-in-2015. Accessed 21 February 2022
WHO/UNICEF (2015) Joint Monitoring Programme (2015) Progress on sanitation and drinking water: 2015 update and MDG assessment. World Health Organization, Geneva
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency) CREST program 2003–2008. We convey our appreciation and gratitude to Prof. Naoyuki Funamizu for your cooperation and support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Develo** Countries (NAM S&T Centre)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sintawardani, N. (2024). Water and Sanitation Management in Urban Slum of Bandung City, Indonesia: Assessing the Potential Acceptance and Impact of Composting Toilet Technology in Urban Slum Areas. In: Suriyanarayanan, S., Shivaraju, H.P., Jenkins, D. (eds) Water Management in Develo** Countries and Sustainable Development . Water Resources Development and Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8639-2_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8639-2_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-8638-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-8639-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)