Multi-model Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Based on BiGRU

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2023)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 1962))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Smart contracts have been under constant attack from outside, with frequent security problems causing great economic losses to the virtual currency market, and their security research has attracted much attention in the academic community. Traditional smart contract detection methods rely heavily on expert rules, resulting in low detection precision and efficiency. This paper explores the effectiveness of deep learning methods on smart contract detection and propose a multi-model smart contract detection method, which is based on a multi-model vulnerability detection method combining Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) and Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) for smart contract vulnerability detection. Through a comparative study on the vulnerability detection of 10312 smart contract codes, the method can achieve an identification accuracy of 90.17% and a recall rate of 97.7%. Compared with other deep network models, the method used in this paper has superior performance in terms of recall and accuracy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Qian, P., Liu, Z., He, Q., et al.: Smart contract vulnerability detection technique: a survey. J. Softw. 33(8), 3059–3085 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chen, J., **a, X., Lo, D., et al.: Defectchecker: automated smart contract defect detection by analyzing EVM bytecode. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 48(7), 2189–2207 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Zheng, P., Zheng, Z., Luo, X.: Park: accelerating smart contract vulnerability detection via parallel-fork symbolic execution. In: Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, pp. 740–751. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York, NY, USA (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Zhao, W., Zhang, W., Wang, J., et al.: Smart contract vulnerability detection scheme based on symbol execution. J. Comput. Appl. 40(4), 947–953 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Choi, J., Kim, D., Kim, S., et al.: Smartian: enhancing smart contract fuzzing with static and dynamic data-flow analyses. In: 2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE), pp. 227–239. IEEE, Melbourne, Australia (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Jiang, B., Liu, Y., Chan W.: Contractfuzzer: fuzzing smart contracts for vulnerability detection. In: Proceedings of the 33rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, pp. 259–269. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York, NY, USA (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zhao, Y., Zhu, X., Li, G., Bao, Y.: Time constraint patterns of smart contracts and their formal verification. J. Softw. 33(8), 2875–2895 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Li, Z., Lu, S., Zhang, R., et al.: SmartFast: an accurate and robust formal analysis tool for Ethereum smart contracts. Empir. Softw. Eng. 27(7), 197 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Qian, P., Liu, Z., He, Q., et al.: Towards automated reentrancy detection for smart contracts based on sequential models. IEEE Access 8, 19685–19695 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang, G., Liu, Y., Wang, H., Yu, N.: Contract vulnerability detection scheme based on BiLSTM and attention mechanism. Netinfo Secur. 22(09), 46–54 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chawla, N., Bowyer, K., Hall, L., et al.: SMOTE: synthetic minority over-sampling technique. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 16, 321–357 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Chung, J., Gulcehre, C., Cho, K., et al.: Empirical evaluation of gated recurrent neural networks on sequence modeling, ar**v preprint ar**v:1412.3555 (2014)

  13. Etherscan Homepage,https://etherscan.io, Accessed 1 May 2023

  14. Liao, J., Tsai, T., He, C., et al.: Soliaudit: smart contract vulnerability assessment based on machine learning and fuzz testing. In: Sixth International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IOTSMS), pp. 458–465 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Oyente-project, https://github.com/enzymefinance/oyente, Accessed 10 May 2023

  16. Remix-project, https://github.com/ethereum/remix-project, Accessed 10 May 2023

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFB1005704).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to **ao Yu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Song, S., Yu, X., Ma, Y., Li, J., Yu, J. (2024). Multi-model Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Based on BiGRU. In: Luo, B., Cheng, L., Wu, ZG., Li, H., Li, C. (eds) Neural Information Processing. ICONIP 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1962. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8132-8_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8132-8_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-99-8131-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-99-8132-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation