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Antiseizure Medications

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Principles and Practice of Neurocritical Care

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Abstract

Epilepsy and status epilepticus (SE) are both common neurologic disease states encountered in any neurocritical care unit and require aggressive treatment to halt seizure activity [1]. Epilepsy type, intensity, and etiology usually vary between one patient to another. Patients with unprovoked seizure episodes are commonly diagnosed with epilepsy, whereas when a seizure continues for at least 5 minutes, it is defined as SE and must be treated as a medical emergency [2, 3]. In many cases, the specific etiology and pathophysiology of seizures are unknown [4]. What is generally known is that seizures emerge from a sudden abnormal electrical activity in the brain which typically lead to excessive neuronal discharge and involuntary body movements [2, 3]. There are several possible causes of epilepsy and SE that include genetic mutations, infectious diseases, metabolic abnormalities, immunity-related diseases, and in some cases unknown causes [5]. Treatment strategies are generally determined based on patient-specific factors and the underlying seizure type. This chapter will discuss in detail different antiseizure medications (ASMs) that are commonly used to treat seizures and status epilepticus in neurocritical care patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA

    Sulaiman Almohaish & Gretchen M. Brophy

  2. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Sulaiman Almohaish

  3. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, Cedarville, OH, USA

    David M. Peters Jr.

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  1. Sulaiman Almohaish
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  2. David M. Peters Jr.
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  3. Gretchen M. Brophy
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Correspondence to Gretchen M. Brophy .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neurosciences Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Hemanshu Prabhakar

  2. Department of Neuroanesthesiology and Critical Care, Medanta The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India

    Vasudha Singhal

  3. Department of Neuro Trauma Unit, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Kapil G Zirpe

  4. Department of Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical care, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India

    Harsh Sapra

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Dr. Brophy is a consultant for UCB, Marinus Pharmaceuticals and Ceribell and is a speaker for UCB.

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Almohaish, S., Peters, D.M., Brophy, G.M. (2024). Antiseizure Medications. In: Prabhakar, H., Singhal, V., Zirpe, K.G., Sapra, H. (eds) Principles and Practice of Neurocritical Care. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8059-8_17

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