SpringerLink
Log in

Graphene-Based Nanocomposites in Electrochemical Sensing

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Two-dimensional Hybrid Composites

Part of the book series: Engineering Materials ((ENG.MAT.))

  • 167 Accesses

Abstract

The use of graphene nanocomposites in the fabrication and creation of electrochemical sensors is discussed in this chapter. Graphene derivatives have garnered significant interest in the last decades due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics, which have made them a preferred choice in the development of sensor electrodes. Moreover, their electrochemical properties make them ideal candidates for electrochemical applications, especially in sensing due to their electrocatalytic activity, highly effective surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, adsorption capability, and high porosity. Over the past few years, there has been significant progress in the development of graphene-based nanocomposites. This chapter aims to provide an overview of these works and their findings for those with prior knowledge of the subject matter. Also, it elucidates the characteristics of graphene nanocomposites and their potential use as electrochemical sensors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Das, S., Ghosh, C.K., Sarkar, C.K., Roy, S.: Facile synthesis of multi-layer graphene by electrochemical exfoliation using organic solvent 7, 497–508 (2018).https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2018-0094

  2. Chen, D., Tang, L., Li, J.: Graphene-based materials in electrochemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, 3157–3180 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1039/B923596E

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Yao, J., Wang, H., Chen, M., Yang, M.: Recent advances in graphene-based nanomaterials: properties, toxicity and applications in chemistry, biology and medicine. Microchim. Acta 186, 395 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3458-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Alabdo, F., Alahmad, W., Pengsomjit, U., Halabi, M., Varanusupakul, P., Kraiya, C.: An environmentally friendly and simple method for producing multi-layer exfoliated graphene in mass production from pencil graphite and its utilization for removing cadmium from an aqueous medium. Carbon Lett. 33, 455–465 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-022-00435-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Reddy, Y.V.M., Shin, J.H., Palakollu, V.N., Sravani, B., Choi, C.-H., Park, K., Kim, S.-K., Madhavi, G., Park, J.P., Shetti, P.: Strategies, advances, and challenges associated with the use of graphene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical biosensors. Adv. Coll. Interface. Sci. 304, 102664 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2022.102664

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhang, C., Zhang, Z., Yang, Q., Chen, W.: Graphene-based electrochemical glucose sensors: fabrication and sensing properties. Electroanalysis 30, 2504–2524 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201800522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Singh, A., Sinsinbar, G., Choudhary, M., Kumar, V., Pasricha, R., Verma, H.N., Singh, S.P., Arora, K.: Graphene oxide-chitosan nanocomposite based electrochemical DNA biosensor for detection of typhoid. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 185, 675–684 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.05.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Tanwar, S., Mathur, D.: Graphene-based nanocomposites as sensing elements for the electrochemical detection of pesticides: a review. J. Solid State Electrochem. 25, 2145–2159 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-021-04990-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Irkham, I., Ibrahim, A.U., Pwavodi, P.C., Al-Turjman, F., Hartati, Y.W.: Smart graphene-based electrochemical nanobiosensor for clinical diagnosis: review. Sensors (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tiwari, S.K., Sahoo, S., Wang, N., Huczko, A.: Graphene research and their outputs: status and prospect. J. Sci.: Adv. Mater. Dev. 5, 10–29 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2020.01.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Avouris, P., Dimitrakopoulos, C.: Graphene: synthesis and applications. Mater. Today 15, 86–97 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(12)70044-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sumdani, M.G., Islam, M.R., Yahaya, A.N.A., Safie, S.I.: Recent advances of the graphite exfoliation processes and structural modification of graphene: a review. J. Nanopart. Res. 23, 253 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-021-05371-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhu, L., Zhao, X., Li, Y., Yu, X., Li, C., Zhang, Q.: High-quality production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of expanded graphite. Mater. Chem. Phys. 137, 984–990 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.11.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bhuyan, M.S.A., Uddin, M.N., Islam, M.M., Bipasha, F.A., Hossain, S.S.: Synthesis of graphene. Int. Nano Lett. 6, 65–83 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-015-0176-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Guerrero-Contreras, J., Caballero-Briones, F.: Graphene oxide powders with different oxidation degree, prepared by synthesis variations of the Hummers method. Mater. Chem. Phys. 153, 209–220 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.01.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Mattevi, C., Kim, H., Chhowalla, M.: A review of chemical vapour deposition of graphene on copper. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 3324–3334 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm02126a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Subrahmanyam, K.S., Panchakarla, L.S., Govindaraj, A., Rao, C.N.R.: Simple method of preparing graphene flakes by an arc-discharge method. The J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 4257–4259 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp900791y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wu, Z.S., Ren, W., Gao, L., Zhao, J., Chen, Z., Liu, B., Tang, D., Yu, B., Jiang, C., Cheng, H.M.: Synthesis of graphene sheets with high electrical conductivity and good thermal stability by hydrogen arc discharge exfoliation. ACS Nano 3, 411–417 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn900020u

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Vivaldi, F.M., Dallinger, A., Bonini, A., Poma, N., Sembranti, L., Biagini, D., Salvo, P., Greco, F., Di Francesco, F.: Three-dimensional (3D) laser-induced graphene: structure, properties, and application to chemical sensing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13, 30245–30260 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c05614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Lin, J., Peng, Z., Liu, Y., Ruiz-Zepeda, F., Ye, R., Samuel, E.L., Yacaman, M.J., Yakobson, B.I., Tour, M.: Laser-induced porous graphene films from commercial polymers. Nat. Commun. 5, 5714 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6714

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Viswanathan, P., Ramaraj, R.: Chapter 2—functionalized graphene nanocomposites for electrochemical sensors. In: Pandikumar, A., Rameshkumar, P. (eds.) Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Biomolecules, Elsevier, pp. 43–65 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Krishnan, S.K., Singh, E., Singh, P., Meyyappan, M., Nalwa, H.S.: A review on graphene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors. RSC Adv. 9, 8778–8881 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA09577A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Khan, M., Tahir, M.N., Adil, S.F., Khan, H.U., Siddiqui, M.R.H., Al-warthan, A.A., Tremel, W.: Graphene based metal and metal oxide nanocomposites: synthesis, properties and their applications. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 18753–18808 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA02240A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bilisik, K., Akter, M.: Graphene nanocomposites: a review on processes, properties, and applications. J. Ind. Text. 51, 3718S-3766S (2022). https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837211024252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Feng, S.H., Li, G.H.: Chapter 4 - Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Syntheses. In: Xu, R., Xu, Y. (eds.) Modern Inorganic Synthetic Chemistry (Second Edition), pp. 73–104. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2017)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Genix, A.-C., Oberdisse, J.: Nanoparticle self-assembly: from interactions in suspension to polymer nanocomposites. Soft Matter 14, 5161–5179 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SM00430G

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Qin, W., Chen, T., Pan, L., Niu, L., Hu, B., Li, D., Li, J., Sun, Z.: MoS2-reduced graphene oxide composites via microwave assisted synthesis for sodium ion battery anode with improved capacity and cycling performance. Electrochim. Acta 153, 55–61 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang, Y., Sun, W., Li, H.: Microwave-assisted synthesis of graphene nanocomposites: recent developments on lithium-ion batteries. Rep. Electrochem. (2015). https://doi.org/10.2147/rie.S65118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Randa, A.-K.: Electrochemical synthesis of nanocomposites. In: Adel, M.A.M., Teresa, D.G. (eds.) Electrodeposition of Composite Materials, IntechOpen, Rijeka p. Ch. 1 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Tariq, W., Ali, F., Arslan, C., Nasir, A., Gillani, S.H., Rehman, A.: Synthesis and applications of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites: conventional to artificial intelligence approaches. Front. Environ. Chem. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvc.2022.890408

  31. Jasuja, K., Linn, J., Melton, S., Berry, V.: Microwave-reduced uncapped metal nanoparticles on graphene: tuning catalytic electrical, and Raman properties. The J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 1853–1860 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/jz100580x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Wang, Z., Tong, X., Yang, J.-C., Wang, X.-J., Zhang, M.-l., Zhang, G., Long, S.-R., Yang, J.: Improved strength and toughness of semi-aromatic polyamide 6T-co-6(PA6T/6)/GO composites via in situ polymerization. Compos. Sci. Technol. 175, 6–17 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.02.026

  33. Sangili, A., Kalyani, T., Chen, S.-M., Nanda, A., Jana, K.: Label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on one-step electrochemical deposition of AuNP-RGO nanocomposites for detection of endometriosis marker CA 125. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 3, 7620–7630 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c00821

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Yan, J., Fan, Z., Wei, T., Qian, W., Zhang, M., Wei, F.: Fast and reversible surface redox reaction of graphene–MnO2 composites as supercapacitor electrodes. Carbon 48, 3825–3833 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.06.047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Wang, L., Wang, D., Dong, X.Y., Zhang, Z.J., Pei, X.F., Chen, X.J., Chen, B., **, J.: Layered assembly of graphene oxide and Co–Al layered double hydroxide nanosheets as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Chem. Commun. 47, 3556–3558 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CC05420H

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Du, D., Liu, J., Zhang, X., Cui, X., Lin, Y.: One-step electrochemical deposition of a graphene-ZrO2 nanocomposite: preparation, characterization and application for detection of organophosphorus agents. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 8032–8037 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C1JM10696A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Gu, Y., **ng, M., Zhang, J.: Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of graphene based doped TiO2 nanocomposites. Appl. Surf. Sci. 319, 8–15 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.04.182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Akhtar, M., Tahir, A., Zulfiqar, S., Hanif, F., Warsi, M.F., Agboola, P.O., Shakir, I.: Ternary hybrid of polyaniline-alanine-reduced graphene oxide for electrochemical sensing of heavy metal ions. Synthetic Metals 265 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116410

  39. Deivanayaki, S., Jayamurugan, P., Ashokan, S., Gopala Krishnan, V., Yogeswari, B., Ubaidullah, M., Pandit, B., Sarma, G.V.S.S., Narsetti, H.K.: Growth of non-enzymatic cholesterol biosensor using TiO2 decorated graphene oxide with bare GCE and PPy-GCE. J. Ind. Chem. Soc. 100 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2023.100906

  40. Li, L., Zheng, H., Guo, L., Qu, L., Yu, L.: Construction of novel electrochemical sensors based on bimetallic nanoparticle functionalized graphene for determination of sunset yellow in soft drink. J. Electroanal. Chem. 833, 393–400 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.11.059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Zhang, C., Li, L., Ju, J., Chen, W.: Electrochemical sensor based on graphene-supported tin oxide nanoclusters for nonenzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide. Electrochim. Acta 210, 181–189 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.05.151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Kumar, A., Gupta, G.H., Singh, G., More, N., Keerthana, M., Sharma, A., Jawade, D., Balu, A., Kapusetti, G.: Ultrahigh sensitive graphene oxide/conducting polymer composite based biosensor for cholesterol and bilirubin detection. Biosens. Bioelectron.: X 13 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosx.2022.100290

  43. Liu, L., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Yan, X., Sun, D.D.: Facile synthesis of monodispersed silver nanoparticles on graphene oxide sheets with enhanced antibacterial activity. New J. Chem. 35, 1418–1423 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C1NJ20076C

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kurt Urhan, B., Demir, Ü., Öznülüer Özer, T., Öztürk Doğan, H.: Electrochemical fabrication of Ni nanoparticles-decorated electrochemically reduced graphene oxide composite electrode for non-enzymatic glucose detection. Thin Solid Films 693 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2019.137695

  45. Alsulami, Q.A., Alharbi, L.M., Keshk, S.M.A.S.: Synthesis of a graphene oxide/ZnFe2O4/polyaniline nanocomposite and its structural and electrochemical characterization for supercapacitor application. Int. J. Energy Res. 46, 2438–2445 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/er.7318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. **e, S., Deng, L., Huang, H., Yuan, J., Xu, J., Yue, R.: One-pot synthesis of porous Pd-polypyrrole/nitrogen-doped graphene nanocomposite as highly efficient catalyst for electrooxidation of alcohols. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 608, 3130–3140 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Li, Y., Zhang, S., Dai, H., Hong, Z., Lin, Y.: An enzyme-free photoelectrochemical sensing of concanavalin A based on graphene-supported TiO2 mesocrystal. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 232, 226–233 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.03.143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Shahid, M.M., Rameshkumar, P., Basirunc, W.J., Wijayantha, U., Chiu, W.S., Khiew, P.S., Huang, N.M.: An electrochemical sensing platform of cobalt oxide@gold nanocubes interleaved reduced graphene oxide for the selective determination of hydrazine. Electrochim. Acta 259, 606–616 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Machhindra, L.A., Yen, Y.-K.: A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for cd2+ detection based on prussian blue-PEDOT-loaded laser-scribed graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode. Chemosensors 10, (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10060209

  50. Rana, D.S., Kalia, S., Kumar, R., Thakur, N., Singh, D., Singh, K.: Microwave-assisted facile synthesis of layered reduced graphene oxide-tungsten disulfide sandwiched Fe3O4 nanocomposite as effective and sensitive sensor for detection of dopamine. Mater. Chem. Phys. 287, 126283 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Jiang, M., Zhang, M., Wang, L., Fei, Y., Wang, S., Núñez-Delgado, A., Bokhari, A., Race, M., Khataee, A., Jaromír Klemeš, J., **ng, L., Han, N.: Photocatalytic degradation of xanthate in flotation plant tailings by TiO2/graphene nanocomposites. Chem. Eng. J. 431, 134104 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.134104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Liu, X., Pan, L., Lv, T., Zhu, G., Lu, T., Sun, Z., Sun, C.: Microwave-assisted synthesis of TiO2-reduced graphene oxide composites for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(vi). RSC Adv. 1, 1245–1249 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C1RA00298H

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Yang, M., Chen, Y., Wang, H., Zou, Y., Wu, P., Zou, J., Jiang, J.: Solvothermal preparation of CeO2 nanoparticles–graphene nanocomposites as an electrochemical sensor for sensitive detecting pentachlorophenol. Carbon Lett. 32, 1277–1285 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-022-00353-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Hassan, M., Jiang, Y., Bo, X., Zhou, M.: Sensitive nonenzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide at nitrogen-doped graphene supported-CoFe nanoparticles. Talanta 188, 339–348 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Zhao, L., Li, H., Gao, S., Li, M., Xu, S., Li, C., Guo, W., Qu, C., Yang, B.: MgO nanobelt-modified graphene-tantalum wire electrode for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid. Electrochim. Acta 168, 191–198 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Jee, C.E., Chow, M.K., Yeap, S.P.: Fabrication of flexible carbon dioxide gas sensor with conductive polymer/reduced graphene oxide hybrids: Effects of substrate type and mass ratio. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 140, e53415 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.53415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Fang, F., Ran, S., Fang, Z., Song, P., Wang, H.: Improved flame resistance and thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy resin nanocomposites from functionalized graphene oxide via self-assembly in water. Compos. B Eng. 165, 406–416 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.01.086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Awan, M., Nasir, M., Iqbal, S., Manshad, K., Hayat, A., Ajab, H.: Fabrication of novel electroactive nickel sulfide@graphene oxide nanocomposite integrated transduction platform for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of hydrogen Peroxide in environmental and biological samples. Synthetic Metals 292 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2022.117240

  59. Anuar, N.S., Basirun, W.J., Ladan, M., Shalauddin, M., Mehmood, M.S.: Fabrication of platinum nitrogen-doped graphene nanocomposite modified electrode for the electrochemical detection of acetaminophen. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 266, 375–383 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.03.138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Zhao, L., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Deng, Y., Li, Q., **a, Y.: Green preparation of Ag-Au bimetallic nanoparticles supported on graphene with alginate for non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide detection. Nanomaterials 8, 507 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Pifferi, V., Testolin, A., Ingrosso, C., Curri, M.L., Palchetti, I., Falciola, L.: Au nanoparticles decorated graphene-based hybrid nanocomposite for As(III) electroanalytical detection. Chemosensors 10 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10020067

  62. Ganash, A.A., Alotaibi, M.M.: An electrochemical sensor for cadmium ion detection that is based on an AuNP-functionalized metal–organic framework-graphene nanocomposite. J. Mater. Res. 37, 4368–4380 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-022-00808-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Alencar, L.M., Silva, A.W.B.N., Trindade, M.A.G., Salvatierra, R.V., Martins, C.A., Souza, V.H.R.: One-step synthesis of crumpled graphene fully decorated by copper-based nanoparticles: application in H2O2 sensing. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 360 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2022.131649

  64. Durai, L., Badhulika, S.: One-pot synthesis of rGO supported Nb2O5 nanospheres for ultra-selective sensing of bisphenol A and hydrazine in water samples. IEEE Sens. J. 21, 4152–4159 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2020.3032028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Shen, H., Liu, J., Pan, P., Yang, X., Yang, Z., Li, P., Liu, G., Zhang, X., Zhou, J.: One-step synthesis of nanosilver embedding laser-induced graphene for H(2)O(2) sensor. Synth. Met. 293, 117235 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2022.117235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Nagajyoti, P.C., Lee, K.D., Sreekanth, T.V.M.: Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Environ. Chem. Lett. 8, 199–216 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Lindqvist, O.: Environmental impact of mercury and other heavy metals. J. Power Sources 57, 3–7 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(95)02229-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Aragay, G., Pons, J., Merkoçi, A.: Recent trends in macro-, micro-, and nanomaterial-based tools and strategies for heavy-metal detection. Chem. Rev. 111, 3433–3458 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100383r

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Xu, X., Zeng, J., Wu, Y., Wang, Q., Wu, S., Gu, H.: Preparation and application of graphene–based materials for heavy metal removal in tobacco industry: a review. Separations 9, 401 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Vilela, D., Parmar, J., Zeng, Y., Zhao, Y., Sánchez, S.: Graphene-based microbots for toxic heavy metal removal and recovery from water. Nano Lett. 16, 2860–2866 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00768

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Benjamin, S.R., Miranda Ribeiro Júnior, E.J.: Graphene-based electrochemical sensors for detection of environmental pollutants. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health 29, 100381 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100381

  72. Shan, Q., Tian, J., Ding, Q., Wu, W.: Electrochemical sensor based on metal-free materials composed of graphene and graphene oxide for sensitive detection of cadmium ions in water. Mater. Chem. Phys. 284 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126064

  73. Baghayeri, M., Ghanei-Motlagh, M., Tayebee, R., Fayazi, M., Narenji, F.: Application of graphene/zinc-based metal-organic framework nanocomposite for electrochemical sensing of As(III) in water resources. Anal. Chim. Acta 1099, 60–67 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Sang, S., Li, D., Zhang, H., Sun, Y., Jian, A., Zhang, Q., Zhang, W.: Facile synthesis of AgNPs on reduced graphene oxide for highly sensitive simultaneous detection of heavy metal ions. RSC Adv. 7, 21618–21624 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02267k

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Sahoo, S., Sahoo, P.K., Satpati, A.K.: Gold nano particle and reduced graphene oxide composite modified carbon paste electrode for the ultra trace detection of arsenic (III). Electroanalysis 29, 1400–1409 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201600676

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Zhu, Y., Pan, D., Hu, X., Han, H., Lin, M., Wang, C.: An electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticles modified electrode for determination of iron in coastal waters. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 243, 1–7 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.11.108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Rahman, M.T., Kabir, M.F., Gurung, A., Reza, K.M., Pathak, R., Ghimire, N., Baride, A., Wang, Z., Kumar, M., Qiao, Q.: Graphene oxide-silver nanowire nanocomposites for enhanced sensing of Hg2+. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2, 4842–4851 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.9b00789

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Han, H., Pan, D., Wang, C., Zhu, R.: Controlled synthesis of dendritic gold nanostructures by graphene oxide and their morphology-dependent performance for iron detection in coastal waters. RSC Adv. 7, 15833–15841 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra27075a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Liu, M., Pan, D., Pan, W., Zhu, Y., Hu, X., Han, H., Wang, C., Shen, D.: In-situ synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticles modified electrode for speciation analysis of copper in seawater. Talanta 174, 500–506 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Chimezie, A.B., Hajian, R., Yusof, N.A., Woi, P.M., Shams, N.: Fabrication of reduced graphene oxide-magnetic nanocomposite (rGO-Fe 3 O 4) as an electrochemical sensor for trace determination of As(III) in water resources. J. Electroanal. Chem. 796, 33–42 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.04.061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Devi, P., Sharma, C., Kumar, P., Kumar, M., Bansod, B.K.S., Nayak, M.K., Singla, M.L.: Selective electrochemical sensing for arsenite using rGO/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites. J. Hazard. Mater. 322, 85–94 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.066

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Zhang, W., Xu, Y., Zou, X.: A ZnO–RGO-modified electrode coupled to microwave digestion for the determination of trace cadmium and lead in six species fish. Anal. Methods 9, 4418–4424 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ay01574g

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Zhou, S.-F., Han, X.-J., Fan, H.-L., Huang, J., Liu, Y.-Q.: Enhanced electrochemical performance for sensing Pb(II) based on graphene oxide incorporated mesoporous MnFe2O4 nanocomposites. J. Alloy. Compd. 747, 447–454 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Xu, J., Li, Z., Yue, X., **e, F., **ong, S.: Electrochemical detection of Cu(ii) using amino-functionalized MgFe2O4/Reduced graphene oxide composite. Anal. Methods 10, 2026–2033 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ay00452h

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Karthik, R., Thambidurai, S.: Synthesis of cobalt doped ZnO/reduced graphene oxide nanorods as active material for heavy metal ions sensor and antibacterial activity. J. Alloy. Compd. 715, 254–265 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.04.298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Mejri, A., Mars, A., Elfil, H., Hamzaoui, A.H.: Graphene nanosheets modified with curcumin-decorated manganese dioxide for ultrasensitive potentiometric sensing of mercury(II), fluoride and cyanide. Mikrochim. Acta 185, 529 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-3064-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Zuo, Y., Xu, J., Jiang, F., Duan, X., Lu, L., **ng, H., Yang, T., Zhang, Y., Ye, G., Yu, Y.: Voltammetric sensing of Pb(II) using a glassy carbon electrode modified with composites consisting of Co3O4 nanoparticles, reduced graphene oxide and chitosan. J. Electroanal. Chem. 801, 146–152 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Dahaghin, Z., Kilmartin, P.A., Mousavi, H.Z.: Simultaneous determination of lead(II) and cadmium(II) at a glassy carbon electrode modified with GO@Fe3O4 @benzothiazole-2-carboxaldehyde using square wave anodic strip** voltammetry. J. Mol. Liq. 249, 1125–1132 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2017.11.114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Wang, Y., Zhao, G., Zhang, G., Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Cao, W., Li, T., Wei, Q.: An electrochemical aptasensor based on gold-modified MoS2/rGO nanocomposite and gold-palladium-modified Fe-MOFs for sensitive detection of lead ions. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 319 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128313

  90. Priya, T., Dhanalakshmi, N., Thennarasu, S., Karthikeyan, V., Thinakaran, N.: Ultra sensitive electrochemical detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ using penetrable nature of graphene/gold nanoparticles/modified L-cysteine nanocomposite. Chem. Phys. Lett. 731 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136621

  91. Ru, J., Wang, X., Zhao, J., Yang, J., Zhou, Z., Du, X., Lu, X.: Evaluation and development of GO/UiO-67@PtNPs nanohybrid-based electrochemical sensor for invisible arsenic (III) in water samples. Microchem. J. 181 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2022.107765

  92. Muralikrishna, S., Nagaraju, D.H., Balakrishna, R.G., Surareungchai, W., Ramakrishnappa, T., Shivanandareddy, A.B.: Hydrogels of polyaniline with graphene oxide for highly sensitive electrochemical determination of lead ions. Anal. Chim. Acta 990, 67–77 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Jayaraman, N., Palani, Y., Jonnalagadda, R.R., Shanmugam, E.: Covalently dual functionalized graphene oxide-based multiplex electrochemical sensor for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) detection. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 367 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2022.132165

  94. Wei, P., Zhu, Z., Song, R., Li, Z., Chen, C.: An ion-imprinted sensor based on chitosan-graphene oxide composite polymer modified glassy carbon electrode for environmental sensing application. Electrochim. Acta 317, 93–101 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Duoc, P.N.D., Binh, N.H., Hau, T.V., Thanh, C.T., Trinh, P.V., Tuyen, N.V., Quynh, N.V., Tu, N.V., Duc Chinh, V., Thi Thu, V., Thang, P.D., Minh, P.N., Chuc, N.V.: A novel electrochemical sensor based on double-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene hybrid thin film for arsenic(V) detection. J. Hazard Mater. 400, 123185 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123185

  96. Wang, L., Peng, X., Fu, H.: An electrochemical aptasensor for the sensitive detection of Pb2+ based on a chitosan/reduced graphene oxide/titanium dioxide. Microchem. J. 174 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2021.106977

  97. Huang, Z., Song, H., Feng, L., Qin, J., Wang, Q., Guo, B., Wei, L., Lu, Y., Guo, H., Zhu, D., Ma, X., Guo, Y., Zheng, H., Li, M., Su, Z.: A novel ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor based on a hybrid of rGO/MWCNT/AuNP for the determination of lead(II) in tea drinks. Microchem. J. 186 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2022.108346

  98. Chalupniak, A., Merkoci, A.: Graphene oxide-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based lab-on-a-chip platform for heavy-metals preconcentration and electrochemical detection. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 44766–44775 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b12368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Guo, Z., Li, D.D., Luo, X.K., Li, Y.H., Zhao, Q.N., Li, M.M., Zhao, Y.T., Sun, T.S., Ma, C.: Simultaneous determination of trace Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) by differential pulse anodic strip** voltammetry using a reduced graphene oxide-chitosan/poly-l-lysine nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 490, 11–22 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Nguyen, L.D., Doan, T.C.D., Huynh, T.M., Nguyen, V.N.P., Dinh, H.H., Dang, D.M.T., Dang, C.M.: An electrochemical sensor based on polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan-thermally reduced graphene composite modified glassy carbon electrode for sensitive voltammetric detection of lead. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 345 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.130443

  101. Palanisamy, S., Thangavelu, K., Chen, S.-M., Velusamy, V., Chang, M.-H., Chen, T.-W., Al-Hemaid, F.M.A., Ali, M.A., Ramaraj, S.K.: Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole decorated graphene/β-cyclodextrin composite for low level electrochemical detection of mercury (II) in water. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 243, 888–894 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.12.068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Teodoro, K.B.R., Migliorini, F.L., Facure, M.H.M., Correa, D.S.: Conductive electrospun nanofibers containing cellulose nanowhiskers and reduced graphene oxide for the electrochemical detection of mercury(II). Carbohydr. Polym. 207, 747–754 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Gumpu, M.B., Veerapandian, M., Krishnan, U.M., Rayappan, J.B.B.: Amperometric determination of As(III) and Cd(II) using a platinum electrode modified with acetylcholinesterase, ruthenium(II)-tris(bipyridine) and graphene oxide. Mikrochim. Acta 185, 297 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-2822-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Cui, X., Yang, B., Zhao, S., Li, X., Qiao, M., Mao, R., Wang, Y., Zhao, X.: Electrochemical sensor based on ZIF-8@dimethylglyoxime and β-cyclodextrin modified reduced graphene oxide for nickel (II) detection. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 315 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128091

  105. Ruengpirasiri, P., Punrat, E., Chailapakul, O., Chuanuwatanakul, S.: Graphene oxide-modified electrode coated within-situAntimony film for the simultaneous determination of heavy metals by sequential injection-anodic strip** voltammetry. Electroanalysis 29, 1022–1030 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201600568

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Lin, X., Lu, Z., Zhang, Y., Liu, B., Mo, G., Li, J., Ye, J.: A glassy carbon electrode modified with a bismuth film and laser etched graphene for simultaneous voltammetric sensing of Cd(II) and Pb(II). Mikrochim. Acta 185, 438 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-2966-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Lee, C.-S., Yu, S.H., Kim, H.: One-step electrochemical fabrication of reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticles nanocomposite-modified electrode for simultaneous detection of dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid. Nanomaterials 8, 17 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Jane-Llopis, E., Matytsina, I.: Mental health and alcohol, drugs and tobacco: a review of the comorbidity between mental disorders and the use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. Drug Alcohol Rev. 25, 515–536 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230600944461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. van Amsterdam, J., Opperhuizen, A., Koeter, M., van den Brink, W.: Ranking the harm of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs for the individual and the population. Eur. Addict. Res. 16, 202–207 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1159/000317249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Mohamed, M.A., Atty, S.A., Salama, N.N., Banks, C.E.: Highly selective sensing platform utilizing graphene oxide and multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the sensitive determination of tramadol in the presence of co-formulated drugs. Electroanalysis 29, 1038–1048 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201600668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Ahmed, M.J., Perveen, S., Hussain, S.G., Khan, A.A., Ejaz, S.M.W., Rizvi, S.M.A.: Design of a facile, green and efficient graphene oxide-based electrochemical sensor for analysis of acetaminophen drug. Chem Zvesti 77, 2275–2294 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02628-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Yeh, S.-H., Huang, M.-S., Huang, C.-H.: Electrochemical sensors for sulfamethoxazole detection based on graphene oxide/graphene layered composite on indium tin oxide substrate. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 131 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2021.11.022

  113. Baghayeri, M., Nabavi, S., Hasheminejad, E., Ebrahimi, V.: Introducing an electrochemical sensor based on two layers of ag nanoparticles decorated graphene for rapid determination of methadone in human blood serum. Top. Catal. 65, 623–632 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-021-01483-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Veera Manohara Reddy, Y., Bathinapatla, S., Łuczak, T., Osińska, M., Maseed, H., Ragavendra, P., Subramanyam Sarma, L., Srikanth, V.V.S.S., Madhavi, G.: An ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of acetaminophen in the presence of etilefrine using bimetallic Pd–Ag/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites. New J. Chem. 42, 3137–3146 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nj04775d

  115. Sebastian, N., Yu, W.C., Hu, Y.C., Balram, D., Yu, Y.H.: Sonochemical synthesis of iron-graphene oxide/honeycomb-like ZnO ternary nanohybrids for sensitive electrochemical detection of antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine. Ultrason. Sonochem. 59, 104696 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104696

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Atta, N.F., Galal, A., El-Ads, E.H., Hassan, S.H.: Cobalt oxide nanoparticles/graphene/ionic liquid crystal modified carbon paste electrochemical sensor for ultra-sensitive determination of a narcotic drug. Adv. Pharm. Bull. 9, 110–121 (2019). https://doi.org/10.15171/apb.2019.014

  117. Aflatoonian, M.R., Tajik, S., Aflatoonian, B., Beitollahi, H., Zhang, K., Le, Q.V., Cha, J.H., Jang, H.W., Shokouhimehr, M., Peng, W.: A screen-printed electrode modified with graphene/Co(3)O(4) nanocomposite for electrochemical detection of tramadol. Front. Chem. 8, 562308 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.562308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. He, Q., Wu, Y., Tian, Y., Li, G., Liu, J., Deng, P., Chen, D.: Facile electrochemical sensor for nanomolar rutin detection based on magnetite nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide decorated electrode. Nanomaterials (Basel) 9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9010115

  119. Mohamed, M.A., Yehia, A.M., Banks, C.E., Allam, N.K.: Novel MWCNTs/graphene oxide/pyrogallol composite with enhanced sensitivity for biosensing applications. Biosens. Bioelectron. 89, 1034–1041 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. Hadi, B., Fariba Garkani, N.: Magnetic core–shell graphene oxide/Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposite for sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of morphine using modified graphite screen printed electrode. J. Anal. Chem. 75, 127–134 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/s1061934820010049

  121. Riahifar, V., Haghnazari, N., Keshavarzi, F., Ahmadi, E.: A sensitive voltammetric sensor for methamphetamine determination based on modified glassy carbon electrode using Fe3O4@poly pyrrole core-shell and graphene oxide. Microchem. J. 170 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2021.106748

  122. Anvari, L., Ghoreishi, S.M., Faridbod, F., Ganjali, M.R.: Electrochemical determination of methamphetamine in human plasma on a nanoceria nanoparticle decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Anal. Lett. 54, 2509–2522 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2021.1875229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. Wang, H., Zhang, S., Li, S., Qu, J.: Electrochemical sensor based on palladium-reduced graphene oxide modified with gold nanoparticles for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and 4-aminophenol. Talanta 178, 188–194 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. Garima;Sachdev, A., Matai, I.: An electrochemical sensor based on cobalt oxyhydroxide nanoflakes/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for detection of illicit drug-clonazepam. J. Electroanalytical Chem. 919 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116537

  125. Silva, M.K.L., Simões, R.P., Leão, A.L., Lapa, R.M.L., Rascón, J., Cesarino, I.: Competitive host‐guest electrochemical detection of ivermectin drug using a β‐cyclodextrin/graphene‐based electrode. Electroanalysis 35 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.202100649

  126. Sohouli, E., Ghalkhani, M., Rostami, M., Rahimi-Nasrabadi, M., Ahmadi, F.: A noble electrochemical sensor based on TiO(2)@CuO-N-rGO and poly (L-cysteine) nanocomposite applicable for trace analysis of flunitrazepam. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 117, 111300 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.111300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. Baccarin, M., Santos, F.A., Vicentini, F.C., Zucolotto, V., Janegitz, B.C., Fatibello-Filho, O.: Electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide/carbon black/chitosan composite for the simultaneous determination of dopamine and paracetamol concentrations in urine samples. J. Electroanal. Chem. 799, 436–443 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.06.052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Liu, Z., **, M., Cao, J., Wang, J., Wang, X., Zhou, G., van den Berg, A., Shui, L.: High-sensitive electrochemical sensor for determination of Norfloxacin and its metabolism using MWCNT-CPE/pRGO-ANSA/Au. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 257, 1065–1075 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.11.052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Kumary, V.A., Abraham, P., Ren**i, S., Swamy, B.E.K., Nancy, T.E.M., Sreevalsan, A.: A novel heterogeneous catalyst based on reduced graphene oxide supported copper coordinated amino acid—a platform for morphine sensing. J. Electroanalytical Chem. 850 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113367

  130. Abraham, P., Ren**i, S., Nancy, T.E.M., Kumary, V.A.: Electrochemical synthesis of thin-layered graphene oxide-poly(CTAB) composite for detection of morphine. J. Appl. Electrochem. 50, 41–50 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-019-01367-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Rokhsefid, N., Shishehbore, M.R.: Synthesis and characterization of an Au nanoparticles/graphene nanosheet nanocomposite and its application for the simultaneous determination of tramadol and acetaminophen. Anal. Methods 11, 5150–5159 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01497g

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. Nazari, Z., Es' haghi, Z.: A new electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of morphine and methadone based on thioglycolic acid decorated CdSe doped graphene oxide multilayers. Anal. Bioanalytical Electrochem. 14, 228–245 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  133. Florea, A., Cowen, T., Piletsky, S., De Wael, K.: Electrochemical sensing of cocaine in real samples based on electrodeposited biomimetic affinity ligands. Analyst 144, 4639–4646 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9an00618d

    Article  Google Scholar 

  134. Bagheri, H., Shirzadmehr, A., Rezaei, M., Khoshsafar, H.: Determination of tramadol in pharmaceutical products and biological samples using a new nanocomposite carbon paste sensor based on decorated nanographene/tramadol-imprinted polymer nanoparticles/ionic liquid. Ionics 24, 833–843 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-017-2252-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. Dehghani, M., Nasirizadeh, N., Yazdanshenas, M.E.: Determination of cefixime using a novel electrochemical sensor produced with gold nanowires/graphene oxide/electropolymerized molecular imprinted polymer. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 96, 654–660 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. Fu, K., Zhang, R., He, J., Bai, H., Zhang, G.: Sensitive detection of ketamine with an electrochemical sensor based on UV-induced polymerized molecularly imprinted membranes at graphene and MOFs modified electrode. Biosens. Bioelectron. 143, 111636 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.111636

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. Prakash, V., Prabhakar, N., Kaur, G., Diwan, A., Mehta, S.K., Sharma, S.: Structural insight on thiourea doped graphene: An efficient electrochemical sensor for voltammetric detection of morphine in alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Curr. Res. Green Sustain. Chem. 5 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2022.100267

  138. Mohamed, M.A., El-Gendy, D.M., Ahmed, N., Banks, C.E., Allam, N.K.: 3D spongy graphene-modified screen-printed sensors for the voltammetric determination of the narcotic drug codeine. Biosens. Bioelectron. 101, 90–95 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.020

  139. Magdy, N., Sobaih, A.E., Hussein, L.A., Mahmoud, A.M.: Graphene‐based disposable electrochemical sensor for chlorhexidine determination. Electroanalysis 35 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.202200119

  140. Rocha, R.G., Ribeiro, J.S., Santana, M.H.P., Richter, E.M., Munoz, R.A.A.: 3D-printing for forensic chemistry: voltammetric determination of cocaine on additively manufactured graphene-polylactic acid electrodes. Anal. Methods 13, 1788–1794 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ay00181g

  141. Saisahas, K., Soleh, A., Somsiri, S., Senglan, P., Promsuwan, K., Saichanapan, J., Kanatharana, P., Thavarungkul, P., Lee, K., Chang, K.H., Abdullah, A.F.L., Tayayuth, K., Limbut, W.: Electrochemical sensor for methamphetamine detection using laser-induced porous graphene electrode. Nanomaterials (Basel) 12 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010073

  142. Thomas, R., Balachandran, M.: Heteroatom engineered graphene-based electrochemical assay for the quantification of high-risk abused drug oxytocin in edibles and biological samples. Food Chem. 400, 134106 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  143. Abd-Rabboh, H.S.M., El-Galil, E.A.A., Sayed, A.Y.A., Kamel, A.H.: Paper-based potentiometric sensing devices modified with chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) for trace level determination of pholcodine (opiate derivative drug). RSC Adv. 11, 12227–12234 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ra00581b

  144. Narang, J., Malhotra, N., Singhal, C., Mathur, A., Chakraborty, D., Anil, A., Ingle, A., Pundir, C.S.: Point of care with micro fluidic paper based device integrated with nano zeolite-graphene oxide nanoflakes for electrochemical sensing of ketamine. Biosens. Bioelectron. 88, 249–257 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. Aktar, M.W., Sengupta, D., Chowdhury, A.: Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards. Interdiscip. Toxicol. 2, 1–12 (2009). https://doi.org/10.2478/v10102-009-0001-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  146. Wang, W., Wang, X., Cheng, N., Luo, Y., Lin, Y., Xu, W., Du, D.: Recent advances in nanomaterials-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for pesticides detection. TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem. 132, 116041 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2020.116041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  147. Wei, P., Gan, T., Wu, K.: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone exfoliated graphene as highly sensitive analytical platform for carbendazim. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 274, 551–559 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.07.174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. Saritha Rani, K., Mutyala, S., Reddy, S.M.: Electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine at sulphur-doped graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode. Bull. Mater. Sci. 44 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-021-02498-z

  149. Jahromi, M.N., Tayadon, F., Bagheri, H.: A new electrochemical sensor based on an Au-Pd/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for determination of Parathion. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 100, 1101–1117 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2019.1649398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  150. Amin, H.M.A., El-Kady, M.F., Atta, N.F., Galal, A.: Gold nanoparticles decorated graphene as a high performance sensor for determination of trace hydrazine levels in water. Electroanalysis 30, 1757–1766 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201800125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. Yola, M.L.: Electrochemical activity enhancement of monodisperse boron nitride quantum dots on graphene oxide: its application for simultaneous detection of organophosphate pesticides in real samples. J. Mol. Liq. 277, 50–57 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  152. Rajaji, U., Murugan, K., Chen, S.-M., Govindasamy, M., Chen, T.-W., Lin, P.H., Lakshmi Prabha, P.: Graphene oxide encapsulated 3D porous chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) nanocomposite as an emerging electrocatalyst for agro-hazardous (methyl paraoxon) detection in vegetables. Compos. Part B: Eng. 160, 268–276 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.10.042

  153. Velusamy, V., Palanisamy, S., Chen, S.W., Balu, S., Yang, T.C.K., Banks, C.E.: Novel electrochemical synthesis of cellulose microfiber entrapped reduced graphene oxide: a sensitive electrochemical assay for detection of fenitrothion organophosphorus pesticide. Talanta 192, 471–477 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  154. Ensafi, A.A., Noroozi, R., Zandi–-Atashbar, N., Rezaei, B.: Cerium(IV) oxide decorated on reduced graphene oxide, a selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor for fenitrothion determination. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 245, 980–987 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.01.186

  155. Aghaie, A., Khanmohammadi, A., Hajian, A., Schmid, U., Bagheri, H.: Nonenzymatic electrochemical determination of paraoxon ethyl in water and fruits by graphene-based NiFe bimetallic phosphosulfide nanocomposite as a superior sensing layer. Food Anal. Methods 12, 1545–1555 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01486-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  156. Özcan, A., Topçuoğulları, D., Atılır Özcan, A.: Fenitrothion sensing with reduced graphene oxide decorated fumed silica nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 284, 179–185 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.12.122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  157. Kokulnathan, T., Wang, T.J., Duraisamy, N., Kumar, E.A., An Ni, S.: Hierarchical nanoarchitecture of zirconium phosphate/graphene oxide: robust electrochemical platform for detection of fenitrothion. J. Hazard Mater. 412, 125257 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125257

  158. Karimian, N., Fakhri, H., Amidi, S., Hajian, A., Arduini, F., Bagheri, H.: A novel sensing layer based on metal–organic framework UiO-66 modified with TiO2–graphene oxide: application to rapid, sensitive and simultaneous determination of paraoxon and chlorpyrifos. New J. Chem. 43, 2600–2609 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nj06208k

    Article  Google Scholar 

  159. Yan, L., Yan, X., Li, H., Zhang, X., Wang, M., Fu, S., Zhang, G., Qian, C., Yang, H., Han, J., **ao, F.: Reduced graphene oxide nanosheets and gold nanoparticles covalently linked to ferrocene-terminated dendrimer to construct electrochemical sensor with dual signal amplification strategy for ultra-sensitive detection of pesticide in vegetable. Microchemical J. 157 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.105016

  160. Khalifa, M.E., Abdallah, A.B.: Molecular imprinted polymer based sensor for recognition and determination of profenofos organophosphorous insecticide. Biosens. Bioelectron.: X 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosx.2019.100027

  161. Zhang, J., Hu, H., Wang, P., Zhang, C., Wu, M., Yang, L.: A stable biosensor for organophosphorus pesticide detection based on chitosan modified graphene. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 69, 567–575 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  162. Thet Tun, W.S., Saenchoopa, A., Daduang, S., Daduang, J., Kulchat, S., Patramanon, R.: Electrochemical biosensor based on cellulose nanofibers/graphene oxide and acetylcholinesterase for the detection of chlorpyrifos pesticide in water and fruit juice. RSC Adv. 13, 9603–9614 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra00512g

  163. Itsoponpan, T., Thanachayanont, C., Hasin, P.: Sponge-like CuInS2 microspheres on reduced graphene oxide as an electrocatalyst to construct an immobilized acetylcholinesterase electrochemical biosensor for chlorpyrifos detection in vegetables. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 337 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.129775

  164. Bao, J., Huang, T., Wang, Z., Yang, H., Geng, X., Xu, G., Samalo, M., Sakinati, M., Huo, D., Hou, C.: 3D graphene/copper oxide nano-flowers based acetylcholinesterase biosensor for sensitive detection of organophosphate pesticides. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 279, 95–101 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.09.118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  165. Wang, B., Li, Y., Hu, H., Shu, W., Yang, L., Zhang, J.: Acetylcholinesterase electrochemical biosensors with graphene-transition metal carbides nanocomposites modified for detection of organophosphate pesticides. PLoS ONE 15, e0231981 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  166. Zhang, P., Sun, T., Rong, S., Zeng, D., Yu, H., Zhang, Z., Chang, D., Pan, H.: A sensitive amperometric AChE-biosensor for organophosphate pesticides detection based on conjugated polymer and Ag-rGO-NH(2) nanocomposite. Bioelectrochemistry 127, 163–170 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.02.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  167. Miyazaki, C.M., Adriano, A.M., Rubira, R.J.G., Constantino, C.J.L., Ferreira, M.: Combining electrochemically reduced graphene oxide and Layer-by-Layer films of magnetite nanoparticles for carbofuran detection. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 8 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104294

  168. Wang, W., Zhao, Z., Yang, H., Li, P., Yu, Z., Zhang, W., Shi, J., Hu, J., Chen, Y.: Synthesis and electrochemical performance of gold nanoparticles deposited onto a reduced graphene oxide/nickel foam hybrid structure for hydrazine detection. J. Mater. Sci. 55, 9470–9482 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04684-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  169. Qi, P., Wang, J., Wang, X., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Xu, H., Di, S., Wang, Q., Wang, X.: Sensitive determination of fenitrothion in water samples based on an electrochemical sensor layered reduced graphene oxide, molybdenum sulfide (MoS2)-Au and zirconia films. Electrochim. Acta 292, 667–675 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  170. Ding, L., Wei, J., Qiu, Y., Wang, Y., Wen, Z., Qian, J., Hao, N., Ding, C., Li, Y., Wang, K.: One-step hydrothermal synthesis of telluride molybdenum/reduced graphene oxide with Schottky barrier for fabricating label-free photoelectrochemical profenofos aptasensor. Chem. Eng. J. 407 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127213

  171. Zhang, R., Chen, W.: Recent advances in graphene-based nanomaterials for fabricating electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 89, 249–268 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  172. Giorgio, M., Trinei, M., Migliaccio, E., Pelicci, P.G.: Hydrogen peroxide: a metabolic by-product or a common mediator of ageing signals? Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 8, 722–728 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  173. Lippert, A.R., Van de Bittner, G.C., Chang, C.J.: Boronate oxidation as a bioorthogonal reaction approach for studying the chemistry of hydrogen peroxide in living systems. Acc. Chem. Res. 44, 793–804 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/ar200126t

    Article  Google Scholar 

  174. Winterbourn, C.C.: Reconciling the chemistry and biology of reactive oxygen species. Nat. Chem. Biol. 4, 278–286 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  175. Zhong, L., Gan, S., Fu, X., Li, F., Han, D., Guo, L., Niu, L.: Electrochemically controlled growth of silver nanocrystals on graphene thin film and applications for efficient nonenzymatic H2O2 biosensor. Electrochim. Acta 89, 222–228 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.10.161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. Zhang, P., Zhang, X., Zhang, S., Lu, X., Li, Q., Su, Z., Wei, G.: One-pot green synthesis, characterizations, and biosensor application of self-assembled reduced graphene oxide-gold nanoparticle hybrid membranes. J. Mater. Chem. B 1, 6525–6531 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tb21270j

    Article  Google Scholar 

  177. Mahmoudian, M.R., Alias, Y., Basirun, W.J., Woi, P.M., Sookhakian, M.: Facile preparation of MnO2 nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 201, 526–534 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.05.030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  178. Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., Ji, Y., Liu, S., Zhang, T.: Synthesis of Ag nanoparticle–carbon nanotube–reduced graphene oxide hybrids for highly sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide detection. RSC Adv. 5, 39037–39041 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra04246a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  179. Liu, J., Bo, X., Zhao, Z., Guo, L.: Highly exposed Pt nanoparticles supported on porous graphene for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide in living cells. Biosens. Bioelectron. 74, 71–77 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  180. Zhang, M., Wang, Z.: Nanostructured silver nanowires-graphene hybrids for enhanced electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide. Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4807921

  181. Radhakrishnan, S., Kim, S.J.: An enzymatic biosensor for hydrogen peroxide based on one-pot preparation of CeO2-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite. RSC Adv. 5, 12937–12943 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12841a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  182. Karuppiah, C., Palanisamy, S., Chen, S.-M., Veeramani, V., Periakaruppan, P.: A novel enzymatic glucose biosensor and sensitive non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on graphene and cobalt oxide nanoparticles composite modified glassy carbon electrode. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 196, 450–456 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.02.034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  183. Yang, Z., Qi, C., Zheng, X., Zheng, J.: Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticle-decorated graphene oxide nanocomposites and their application for electrochemical sensing. New J. Chem. 39, 9358–9362 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nj01621e

    Article  Google Scholar 

  184. Palanisamy, S., Lee, H.F., Chen, S.-M., Thirumalraj, B.: An electrochemical facile fabrication of platinum nanoparticle decorated reduced graphene oxide; application for enhanced electrochemical sensing of H2O2. RSC Adv. 5, 105567–105573 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra20512c

    Article  Google Scholar 

  185. Liu, J., Zhang, M., Liu, J., Zheng, J.: Synthesis of Ag@Pt core–shell nanoparticles loaded onto reduced graphene oxide and investigation of its electrosensing properties. Anal. Methods 8, 1084–1090 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ay02672e

    Article  Google Scholar 

  186. Wang, J., Sun, H.-B., Pan, H.-Y., Ding, Y.-Y., Wan, J.-G., Wang, G.-H., Han, M.: Detection of hydrogen peroxide at a palladium nanoparticle-bilayer graphene hybrid-modified electrode. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 230, 690–696 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.02.117

  187. Ning, L., Liu, Y., Ma, J., Fan, X., Zhang, G., Zhang, F., Peng, W., Li, Y.: Synthesis of palladium, ZnFe2O4 functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites as H2O2 detector. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 56, 4327–4333 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04964

    Article  Google Scholar 

  188. Yusoff, N., Rameshkumar, P., Mehmood, M.S., Pandikumar, A., Lee, H.W., Huang, N.M.: Ternary nanohybrid of reduced graphene oxide-nafion@silver nanoparticles for boosting the sensor performance in non-enzymatic amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide. Biosens. Bioelectron. 87, 1020–1028 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  189. Karthikeyan, C., Ramachandran, K., Sheet, S., Yoo, D.J., Lee, Y.S., Satish kumar, Y., Kim, A.R., Gnana Kumar, G.: Pigeon-Excreta-Mediated synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite and its catalytic activity toward sensitive and selective hydrogen peroxide detection. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 5, 4897–4905 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00314

  190. Cheng, C., Zhang, C., Gao, X., Zhuang, Z., Du, C., Chen, W.: 3D network and 2D paper of reduced graphene oxide/Cu(2)O composite for electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide. Anal. Chem. 90, 1983–1991 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  191. Kubendhiran, S., Thirumalraj, B., Chen, S.M., Karuppiah, C.: Electrochemical co-preparation of cobalt sulfide/reduced graphene oxide composite for electrocatalytic activity and determination of H(2)O(2) in biological samples. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 509, 153–162 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2017.08.087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  192. Bai, Z., Dong, W., Ren, Y., Zhang, C., Chen, Q.: Preparation of nano Au and Pt alloy microspheres decorated with reduced graphene oxide for nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensing. Langmuir 34, 2235–2244 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  193. Liu, X., Zhao, Z., Shen, T., Qin, Y.: Graphene/Gold nanoparticle composite-based paper sensor for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide. Fullerenes, Nanotubes, Carbon Nanostruct. 27, 23–27 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383x.2018.1479695

    Article  Google Scholar 

  194. Wang, M., Ma, J., Guan, X., Peng, W., Fan, X., Zhang, G., Zhang, F., Li, Y.: A novel H2O2 electrochemical sensor based on NiCo2S4 functionalized reduced graphene oxide. J. Alloy. Compd. 784, 827–833 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.01.043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  195. Salazar, P., Fernández, I., Rodríguez, M.C., Hernández-Creus, A., González-Mora, J.L.: One-step green synthesis of silver nanoparticle-modified reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for H2O2 sensing applications. J. Electroanalytical Chem. 855 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113638

  196. Guan, J.F., Huang, Z.N., Zou, J., Jiang, X.Y., Peng, D.M., Yu, J.G.: A sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor based on acicular manganese dioxide modified graphene nanosheets composite for hydrogen peroxide detection. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 190, 110123 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  197. Chen, X., Gao, J., Zhao, G., Wu, C.: In situ growth of FeOOH nanoparticles on physically-exfoliated graphene nanosheets as high performance H2O2 electrochemical sensor. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 313 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128038

  198. Patella, B., Buscetta, M., Di Vincenzo, S., Ferraro, M., Aiello, G., Sunseri, C., Pace, E., Inguanta, R., Cipollina, C.: Electrochemical sensor based on rGO/Au nanoparticles for monitoring H2O2 released by human macrophages. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 327 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128901

  199. Jiang, L., Zhao, Y., Zhao, P., Zhou, S., Ji, Z., Huo, D., Zhong, D., Hou, C.: Electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide supported dumbbell-shaped CuCo2O4 for real-time monitoring of H2O2 released from cells. Microchem. J. 160 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.105521

  200. Verma, S., Mal, D.S., de Oliveira, P.R., Janegitz, B.C., Prakash, J., Gupta, R.K.: A facile synthesis of novel polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite thin films for enzyme-free electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. 7, 158–170 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/d1me00130b

    Article  Google Scholar 

  201. Qian, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, L.: Preparation of cuprous oxide-supported silver-modified reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor. Rev. Anal. Chem. 41, 189–197 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2022-0045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  202. Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Yue, S., Ma, Y., Tang, Y.: Synthesis of Ag nanoparticles dispersed on Co3O4–3D porous reduced graphene oxide and their application for electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide. Nano 18 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1142/s179329202350008x

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research project is supported by the Second Century Fund (C2F), Chulalongkorn University, and the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Untika Pengsomjit, Waleed Alahmad, Pakorn Varanusupakul & Charoenkwan Kraiya

  2. Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Untika Pengsomjit & Charoenkwan Kraiya

  3. Department of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Idlib University, Idlib, Syria

    Fatima Alabdo

Authors
  1. Untika Pengsomjit
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fatima Alabdo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Waleed Alahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pakorn Varanusupakul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Charoenkwan Kraiya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charoenkwan Kraiya .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Alliance University Bangalore, Bangalore, India

    Neetu Talreja

  2. Ernst & Young Global LLP, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Divya Chauhan

  3. Chandigarh University, Mohali, India

    Mohammad Ashfaq

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Pengsomjit, U., Alabdo, F., Alahmad, W., Varanusupakul, P., Kraiya, C. (2024). Graphene-Based Nanocomposites in Electrochemical Sensing. In: Talreja, N., Chauhan, D., Ashfaq, M. (eds) Two-dimensional Hybrid Composites. Engineering Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8010-9_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation