Development of Cohesion and Relatedness in the Classroom to Optimize Learning Processes in the Educational Setting

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Self-Determination Theory and Socioemotional Learning

Abstract

Cohesion and social relationships have prompted research interest in various contexts. However, whereas cohesion had received limited attention in the educational setting, relatedness needs satisfaction from the self-determination theory has been more thoroughly investigated (Ryan & Deci, 2017). Specifically, relatedness needs satisfaction can determine cognitive, behavioral, and affective consequences, such as academic performance, during the learning process (Vasconcellos et al., 2020). Furthermore, some authors have considered that cohesion–cooperation in small workgroups of students affects academic achievement (e.g., Boyle, 2010), but they did not focus on class cohesion itself. However, students’ perceptions that they and their classmates are challenged to achieve the same goals and their feeling of being united in this effort appear to be an essential determinant in learning processes. In addition, students’ feeling that they have optimal interactions in class, both with the teacher and with classmates, can help to improve their engagement and motivation in classes, as they can turn to them at any time during the teaching–learning process. Thus, the teacher’s relatedness and class cohesion support can be relevant to learning new knowledge and skills.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 08 March 2024

    A correction has been published.

References

  • Abós, Á., Sevil-Serrano, J., Martín-Albo, J., Julián-Clemente, J. A., & García-González, L. (2018). An integrative framework to validate the Need-Supportive Teaching Style Scale (NSTSS) in secondary teachers through exploratory structural equation modeling. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 52, 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEDPSYCH.2018.01.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adigun, O. B., Fiegener, A. M., & Adams, C. M. (2022). Testing the relationship between a need thwarting classroom environment and student disengagement. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10212-022-00622-Z/TABLES/2

  • Aelterman, N., Vansteenkiste, M., Haerens, L., Soenens, B., Fontaine, J. R. J., & Reeve, J. (2019). Toward an integrative and fine-grained insight in motivating and demotivating teaching styles: The merits of a circumplex approach. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(3), 497–521. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmadi, A., Noetel, M., Parker, P., Ryan, R., Ntoumanis, N., Reeve, J., Beauchamp, M., Dicke, T., Yeung, A., Ahmadi, M., Bartholomew, K., Chiu, T., Curran, T., Erturan, G., Flunger, B., Frederick, C., Froiland, J. M., González-Cutre, D., Haerens, L., Lonsdale, C. (2022). A classification system for teachers’ motivational behaviors recommended in self-determination theory interventions. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/4vrym.

  • Assor, A., Kaplan, H., Kanat-Maymon, Y., & Roth, G. (2005). Directly controlling teacher behaviors as predictors of poor motivation and engagement in girls and boys: The role of anger and anxiety. Learning and Instruction, 15, 397–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2005.07.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behzadnia, B., Adachi, P. J. C., Deci, E. L., & Mohammadzadeh, H. (2018). Associations between students’ perceptions of physical education teachers’ interpersonal styles and students’ wellness, knowledge, performance, and intentions to persist at physical activity: A self-determination theory approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 39, 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYCHSPORT.2018.07.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belmont, M., Skinner, E., Wellborn, J., & Connell, J. (1988). Teacher as social context. A measure of student perceptions of teacher provision of involvement, structure, and autonomy support. University of Rochester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanchard, C. M., Amiot, C. E., Perreault, S., Vallerand, R. J., & Provencher, P. (2009). Cohesiveness, coach’s interpersonal style and psychological needs: Their effects on self-determination and athletes’ subjective well-being. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(5), 545–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.02.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bosselut, G., Castro, O., Chevalier, S., & Fouquereau, E. (2020). Does perceived cohesion mediate the student personality–engagement relationship in the university setting? Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(8), 1692–1700. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bosselut, G., Heuzé, J. P., Castro, O., Fouquereau, E., & Chevalier, S. (2018). Using exploratory structure equation modeling to validate a new measure of cohesion in the university classroom setting: The university group environment questionnaire (UGEQ). International Journal of Educational Research, 89, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.03.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyle, J. R. (2010). Strategic note-taking for middle-school students with learning disabilities in science classes. Learning Disability Quarterly, 33(2), 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/073194871003300203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carron, A. V. (1982). Cohesiveness in sport groups: Interpretations and considerations. Journal of Sport Psychology, 4(2), 123–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carron, A. V., Brawley, L. R., & Widmeyer, W. N. (1998). The measurement of cohesiveness in sport groups. In J. L. Duda (Ed.), Advances in sport and exercisepsychology measurement (pp. 213–226). Fitness Information Technology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carron, A., & Brawley, L. R. (2000). Cohesion conceptual and measurement issues. Small Group Research, 31(1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/104649640003100105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carron, A. V., Widmeyer, W., & Brawley, L. (1985). The development of an instrument to assess cohesion in sport teams: The group environment questionnaire. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(3), 244–266. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.7.3.244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Duriez, B., Lens, W., Matos, L., Mouratidis, A., Ryan, R. M., Sheldon, K. M., Soenens, B., Van Petegem, S., & Verstuyf, J. (2015). Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures. Motivation and Emotion, 39(2), 216–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11031-014-9450-1/FIGURES/1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheon, S. H., Reeve, J., & Moon, I. S. (2012). Experimentally based, longitudinally designed, teacher-focused intervention to help physical education teachers be more autonomy supportive toward their students. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 34(3), 365–396. https://doi.org/10.1123/JSEP.34.3.365

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chirkov, V., Ryan, R. M., Kim, Y., & Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.97

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Backer, M., Boen, F., Ceux, T., De Cuyper, B., Høigaard, R., Callens, F., ... & Broek, G. V. (2011). Do perceived justice and need support of the coach predict team identification and cohesion? Testing their relative importance among top volleyball and handball players in Belgium and Norway. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(2), 192–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Meyer, J., Tallir, I. B., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Aelterman, N., Van den Berghe, L., Speleers, L., & Haerens, L. (2014). Does observed controlling teaching behavior relate to students’ motivation in physical education? Journal of Educational Psychology, 106(2), 541–554. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeCharms, R. C. (1968). Personal causation: The internal affective determinants of behavior. Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deci, E. L., Nezlek, J., & Sheinman, L. (1981). Characteristics of the rewarder and intrinsic motivation of the rewardee. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.40.1.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “What” and “Why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Autonomy and need satisfaction in close relationships: Relationships motivation theory. In N. Weinstein (Ed.), Human motivation and interpersonal relationships (pp. 53–73). Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Erikstad, M. K., Martin, L. J., Haugen, T., & Høigaard, R. (2018). Group cohesion, needs satisfaction, and self-regulated learning: A one-year prospective study of elite youth soccer players’ perceptions of their club team. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 39, 171–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.08.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eys, M., Evans, B., & Benson, A. (2020). Group dynamics in sport (5a Edn). FiT Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eys, M., Loughead, T., Bray, S. R., & Carron, A. V. (2009). Development of a cohesion questionnaire for youth: The Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31(3), 390–408. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.3.390

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flink, C., Boggiano, A. K., & Barrett, M. (1990). Controlling teaching strategies: Undermining children’s self-determination and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 916–924. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.59.5.916

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forrester, W. R., & Tashchian, A. (2006). Modeling the relationship between cohesion and performance in student work groups. International Journal of Management, 23(3), 458–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • García-Calvo, T., Leo, F. M., Gonzalez-Ponce, I., Sánchez-Miguel, P. A., Mouratidis, A., & Ntoumanis, N. (2014). Perceived coach-created and peer-created motivational climates and their associations with team cohesion and athlete satisfaction: Evidence from a longitudinal study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(18), 1738–1750.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillies, R. M. (2016). Cooperative learning: Review of research and practice. Australian Journal of Teacher Education (Online), 41(3), 39–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guiffrida, D., Gouveia, A., Wall, A., & Seward, D. (2008). Development and validation of the Need for Relatedness at College Questionnaire (NRC-Q). Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 1(4), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haerens, L., Aelterman, N., Van den Berghe, L., De Meyer, J., Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2013). Observing physical education teachers’ need-supportive interactions in classroom settings. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.1.3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haerens, L., Aelterman, N., Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B., & Van Petegem, S. (2015). Do perceived autonomy-supportive and controlling teaching relate to physical education students’ motivational experiences through unique pathways? Distinguishing between the bright and dark side of motivation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16(3), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harlow, H. F. (1953). Motivation as a factor in the acquisition of new responses. In M. R. Jones (Ed.), Current theory and research on motivation (pp. 24–49). University of Nebraska Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S. (1981). A new self-report scale of intrinsic versus extrinsic orientation in the classroom: Motivational and informational components. Developmental Psychology, 17(3), 300–312. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.17.3.300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hein, V., Koka, A., & Hagger, M. S. (2015). Relationships between perceived teachers’ controlling behavior, psychological need thwarting, anger and bullying behavior in high-school students. Journal of Adolescence, 42, 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.04.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jang, H., Kim, E. J., & Reeve, J. (2016). Why students become more engaged or more disengaged during the semester: A self-determination theory dual-process model. Learning and Instruction, 43, 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LEARNINSTRUC.2016.01.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jang, H., Reeve, J., & Deci, E. L. (2010). Engaging students in learning activities: It is not autonomy support or structure but autonomy support and structure. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), 588–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019682

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2014). Cooperative learning in 21st century. Anales de Psicología, 30(3), 841-851.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., Roseth, C., & Shin, T. S. (2014). The relationship between motivation and achievement in interdependent situations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 44(9), 622–633.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasser, T. (2002). The high price of materialism. MIT Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Leo, F. M., Behzadnia, B., López-Gajardo, M. A., Batista, M., & Pulido, J. J. (2022). What kind of interpersonal teaching style of need-supportive or need-thwarting is more associated with positive consequences in physical education? Journal of Teaching in Physical Education. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2022-0040.

  • Leo, F. M., González-Ponce, I., Sánchez-Oliva, D., Pulido, J. J., & García-Calvo, T. (2015). Adaptation and validation in Spanish of the group environment questionnaire (GEQ) with professional football players. Psicothema, 27(3), 261–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leo, F. M., Mouratidis, A., Pulido, J. J., López-Gajardo, M. A., & Sánchez-Oliva, D. (2022). Perceived teachers’ behavior and students’ engagement in physical education: The mediating role of basic psychological needs and self-determined motivation. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1850667

  • Leo, F. M., Fernández-Río, J., Pulido, J. J., Rodríguez-González, P., & López-Gajardo, M. A. (2022b). Assessing class cohesion in primary and secondary education: Development and preliminary validation of the class cohesion questionnaire (CCQ). Social Psychology of Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-022-09738-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leo, F. M., López-Gajardo, M. A., Fernández-Río, J., & Pulido, J. J. (2021). Development of cohesion and social relations in class to optimize motivation and involvement in physical education. In L. García-González (Ed.), How to motivate in physical education (pp. 131–145). University of Zaragoza.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leo, F. M., López-Gajardo, M. A., Rodríguez-González, P., Pulido, J. J., & Fernández-Río, J. (2023). How class cohesion and teachers’ relatedness support/thwarting style relate to students’ relatedness, motivation, and positive and negative outcomes in physical education. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 65, 102360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102360

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leo, F. M., Pulido, J. J., Sánchez-Oliva, D., López-Gajardo, M. A., & Mouratidis, A. (2022d). See the forest by looking at the trees: Physical education teachers’ interpersonal style profiles and students’ engagement. European Physical Education Review, 28(3), 720–738. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X221075501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leo Marcos, F., A Sánchez-Miguel, P., Sánchez-Oliva, D., Amado, D., & García-Calvo, T. (2015). Motivational climate created by other significant actors and antisocial behaviors in youth sport. Kinesiology, 47(1), 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, L. J., Carron, A. V., Eys, M. A., & Loughead, T. (2013). Validation of the child sport cohesion questionnaire. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 17(2), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2013.761023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathieu, J. E., Kukenberger, M. R., D’Innocenzo, L., & Reilly, G. (2015). Modeling reciprocal team cohesion–performance relationships, as impacted by shared leadership and members’ competence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(3), 713–734. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038898

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mouratidis, A., Vansteenkiste, M., Michou, A., & Lens, W. (2013). Perceived structure and achievement goals as predictors of students’ self-regulated learning and affect and the mediating role of competence need satisfaction. Learning and Individual Differences, 23(1), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LINDIF.2012.09.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mouratidis, A., Vansteenkiste, M., Sideridis, G., & Lens, W. (2011). Vitality and interest–enjoyment as a function of class-to-class variation in need-supportive teaching and pupils’ autonomous motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(2), 353–366. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022773

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ntoumanis, N. (2001). A self-determination approach to the understanding of motivation in physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71(2), 225–242. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709901158497

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pacewicz, C. E., Smith, A. L., & Raedeke, T. D. (2020). Group cohesion and relatedness as predictors of self-determined motivation and burnout in adolescent female athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 50, 101709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reeve, J. (2012). A self-determination theory perspective on student engagement. In C. W. S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly (Eds.), Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 149–172). Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeve, J. (2006). Teachers as facilitators: What autonomy-supportive teachers do and why their students benefit. The Elementary School Journal, 106(3), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1086/501484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reeve, J. (2013). How students create motivationally supportive learning environments for themselves: The concept of agentic engagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3), 579–595. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032690

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reeve, J., & Tseng, C.-M. (2011). Cortisol reactivity to a teacher’s motivating style: The biology of being controlled versus supporting autonomy. Motivation and Emotion, 35, 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-011-9204-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richer, S. F., & Vallerand, R. J. (1998). Construction et validation de l’échelle du sentiment d’appartenance sociale (ÉSAS). European Review of Applied Psychology, 48(2), 129–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(5), 749–761. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.749.

  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seethamraju, R., & Borman, M. (2009). Influence of group formation choices on academic performance. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 34(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930801895679

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sierens, E., Vansteenkiste, M., Goossens, L., Soenens, B., & Dochy, F. (2009). The synergistic relationship of perceived autonomy support and structure in the prediction of self-regulated learning. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 79(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709908X304398

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, E. A., Edge, K., Altman, J., & Sherwood, H. (2003). Searching for the structure of co**: A review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of co**. Psychological Bulletin, 129(2), 216–269. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.216

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, E. A., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Connell, J. P., Eccles, J. S., & Wellborn, J. G. (1998). Individual differences and the development of perceived control. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 63(2), 234. https://doi.org/10.2307/1166220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, C., Dimmock, J., Lonsdale, C., & Jackson, B. (2016). Modeling indicators and outcomes of students’ perceived teacher relatedness support in high school physical education. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 26, 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYCHSPORT.2016.06.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, C., Dimmock, J., Whipp, P., Lonsdale, C., & Jackson, B. (2015). “Getting connected”: High school physical education teacher behaviors that facilitate students’ relatedness support perceptions. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(3), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, C., Lonsdale, C., Dimmock, J., & Jackson, B. (2017). An Intervention to improve teachers’ interpersonally involving instructional practices in high school physical education: Implications for student relatedness support and in-class experiences. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 39(2), 120–133. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2016-0198

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tapia, J. A., & Fernández-Heredia, B. (2008). Development and initial validation of the classroom motivational climate questionnaire (CMCQ). Psicothema, 20(4), 883–889. https://doi.org/10.1037/t68451-000.

  • Vallerand, R. J. (1997). Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 271–360). Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vallerand, R. J., & Rousseau, F. L. (2001). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and exercise: A review using the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, & C. M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (2a ed., pp. 389–416). John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Berghe, L., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Aelterman, N., Cardon, G., Tallir, I. B., & Haerens, L. (2013). Observed need-supportive and need-thwarting teaching behavior in physical education: Do teachers’ motivational orientations matter? Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(5), 650–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYCHSPORT.2013.04.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., & Deci, E. L. (2010a). Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 41(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP4101_4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vansteenkiste, M., Niemiec, C. P., & Soenens, B. (2010b). The development of the five mini-theories of self-determination theory: An historical overview, emerging trends, and future directions. Advances in Motivation and Achievement, 16, 105–165. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0749-7423(2010)000016A007/FULL/XML

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23(3), 263–280. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasconcellos, D., Parker, P. D., Hilland, T., Cinelli, R., Owen, K. B., Kapsal, N., Lee, J., Antczak, D., & Ntoumanis, N. (2020). Self-determination theory applied to physical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(7), 1444–1469. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66(5), 297–333. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040934.

  • Zaccaro, S. J., Blair, V., Peterson, C., & Zazanis, M. (1995). Collective efficacy, Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zamarripa, J., Rodríguez-Medellín, R., Pérez-Garcia, J. A., Otero-Saborido, F., & Delgado, M. (2020). Mexican basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration scale in physical education. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2020.00253/BIBTEX

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francisco M. Leo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Leo, F.M., López-Gajardo, M.A., Pulido, J.J. (2023). Development of Cohesion and Relatedness in the Classroom to Optimize Learning Processes in the Educational Setting. In: Ng, B. (eds) Self-Determination Theory and Socioemotional Learning . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7897-7_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation