Abstract
This chapter introduces DNA-based cryptography and explores cryptographic protocols utilizing DNA’s biological principles and molecular structures. The four-nucleotide alphabet’s encoding and decoding properties are numerically evaluated using real-world data. Mathematical structures behind DNA encoding and decoding, error rates, correction mechanisms, potential vulnerabilities, and ethical considerations are discussed. Trade-offs between security, scalability, and computational efficiency are evaluated.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
L.M. Adleman, Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems 266(5187), 1021–1024 (1994)
Q. Liu et al., DNA computing on surfaces 403(6766), 175–179 (2000)
L. Karl, DNA computing: arrival of biological mathematics 19(2), 9–22 (1997)
G. Manganaro, J.P. de Gyvez, DNA computing based on chaos, in Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation (ICEC ’97) (IEEE) (1997)
M.K. Das, H.-K. Dai, A survey of DNA motif finding algorithms 8(S7) (2007)
D. Boneh et al., On the computational power of DNA 71(1-3), 79–94 (1996)
R.M. Idury, M.S. Waterman, A new algorithm for DNA sequence assembly 2(2), 291–306 (1995)
P.W.K. Rothemund et al., Algorithmic self-assembly of DNA sierpinski triangles 2(12), e424 (2004)
Z. Zhang et al., A greedy algorithm for aligning DNA sequences 7(1-2), 203–214 (2000)
Y. Dong, F. Sun, Z. **, Q. Ouyang, L. Qian, DNA storage: research landscape and future prospects 7(6), 1092–1107 (2020)
Z. Ezziane, DNA computing: applications and challenges 17(2), R27–R39 (2005)
Q. Ma, C. Zhang, M. Zhang, D. Han, W. Tan, DNA computing: principle, construction, and applications in intelligent diagnostics 2(11) (2021)
L. Organick, S.D. Ang, Y.-J. Chen, R. Lopez, S. Yekhanin, K. Makarychev, M.Z. Racz, G. Kamath, P. Gopalan, B. Nguyen, C.N. Takahashi, S. Newman, H.-Y. Parker, C. Rashtchian, K. Stewart, G. Gupta, R. Carlson, J. Mulligan, D. Carmean, G. Seelig, L. Ceze, K. Strauss, Random access in large-scale DNA data storage 36(3), 242–248 (2018)
S. Shah, A.K. Dubey, J. Reif, Programming temporal DNA barcodes for single-molecule fingerprinting 19(4), 2668–2673 (2019)
A. Sharonov, R.M. Hochstrasser, Wide-field subdiffraction imaging by accumulated binding of diffusing probes 103(50), 18911–18916 (2006)
X. Song, A. Eshra, C. Dwyer, J. Reif, Renewable DNA seesaw logic circuits enabled by photoregulation of toehold-mediated strand displacement 7(45), 28130–28144 (2017)
G. Seelig, D. Soloveichik, D.Y. Zhang, E. Winfree, Enzyme-free nucleic acid logic circuits 314(5805), 1585–1588 (2006)
C. Bancroft, T. Bowler, B. Bloom, C.T. Clelland, Long-term storage of information in DNA 293(5536), 1763–1765 (2001)
L.M. Adleman, Computing with DNA 279(2), 54–61 (1998)
L. Ceze, J. Nivala, K. Strauss, Molecular digital data storage using DNA 20(8), 456–466 (2019)
F. Akram, I. ul Haq, H. Ali, A.T. Laghari, Trends to store digital data in DNA: an overview 45(5), 1479–1490 (2018)
N. Roquet, S.P. Bhatia, S.A. Flickinger, S. Mihm, M.W. Norsworthy, D. Leake, H. Park, DNA-based data storage via combinatorial assembly (2021)
N. Goldman, P. Bertone, S. Chen, C. Dessimoz, E.M. LeProust, B. Sipos, E. Birney, Towards practical, high-capacity, low-maintenance information storage in synthesized DNA 494(7435), 77–80 (2013)
C.K. Lim, J.W. Yeoh, A.A. Kunartama, W.S. Yew, C.L. Poh, A biological camera that captures and stores images directly into DNA 14(1) (2023)
I. Rebrova, Synthetic DNA-based data storage devices: The birth of the idea and the first publications 41(4, p. 666) (2020)
A. Extance, How DNA could store all the world’s data 537(7618), 22–24 (2016)
G.M. Skinner, K. Visscher, M. Mansuripur, Biocompatible writing of data into DNA 1(1), 17–21 (2007)
E. Yong, Synthetic double-helix faithfully stores shakespeare’s sonnets (2013)
D. Limbachiya, V. Dhameliya, M. Khakhar, M.K. Gupta, On optimal family of codes for archival DNA storage, in 2015 Seventh International Workshop on Signal Design and its Applications in Communications (IWSDA) (IEEE) (2015)
D. Heider, A. Barnekow, DNA-based watermarks using the DNA-crypt algorithm 8(1) (2007)
Y. Xu, Z. Li, CRISPR-cas systems: overview, innovations and applications in human disease research and gene therapy 18, 2401–2415 (2020)
B. Roy, G. Rakshit, P. Singha, A. Majumder, D. Datta, An improved symmetric key cryptography with DNA based strong cipher, in 2011 International Conference on Devices and Communications (ICDeCom) (IEEE) (2011)
M. Lu, X. Lai, G. **ao, L. Qin, Symmetric-key cryptosystem with DNA technology 50(3), 324–333 (2007)
X. Lai, M. Lu, L. Qin, J. Han, X. Fang, Asymmetric encryption and signature method with DNA technology 53(3), 506–514 (2010)
A. Gehani et al., DNA-based cryptography, in Aspects of Molecular Computing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, ed. by N. Jonoska et al., vol. 2950 (Springer, Berlin), pp. 167–188 (2003)
A.K. Verma et al., DNA cryptography: a novel paradigm for secure routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) 11(4), 393–404 (2008)
G. Jacob, DNA based cryptography: an overview and analysis 3(1), 36 (2013)
O. Tornea, M.E. Borda, DNA cryptographic algorithms, in IFMBE Proceedings (Springer, Berlin), pp. 223–226 (2009)
G. Paun, G. Rozenberg, A. Salomaa, DNA Computing: New Computing Paradigms (Springer Science & Business Media) (2005)
J. Chen, A DNA-based, biomolecular cryptography design, in 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), vol. 3 (IEEE), pp. III–III (2003)
S.T. Amin, M. Saeb, S. El-Gindi, A DNA-based implementation of yaea encryption algorithm, in Computational Intelligence, pp. 120–125 (2006)
A. Khalifa, A. Atito, High-capacity DNA-based steganography, in 2012 8th International Conference on Informatics and Systems (INFOS) (IEEE), pp. BIO–76 (2012)
T.H. LaBean, E. Winfree, J.H. Reif, Experimental progress in computation by self-assembly of DNA tilings (2000)
P.C. Wong, K.-K. Wong, H. Foote, Organic data memory using the DNA approach 46(1), 95–98 (2003)
M. Mondal, K.S. Ray, DNA linear block codes: generation, error-detection and error-correction of DNA codeword (2019)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shandilya, S.K., Datta, A., Nagar, A.K. (2023). DNA-Based Cryptography. In: A Nature-Inspired Approach to Cryptology. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 1122. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7081-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7081-0_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-7080-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-7081-0
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)