Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are known to have approximately 200 species that caused a wide array of infections and are present extensively in the environment. Patients suspected of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection must follow all clinical and microbiological norms for its diagnosis. Molecular techniques help describe the new types of NTM, as well as their subspecies. Treatment for such infection is complicated and species-specific. A careful analysis by a medical professional is necessary for deciding to initiate treatment for NTM infection. We have summarized the evolution of our diagnostic and treatment options for non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection based on this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Pennington KM, Vu A, Challener D, Rivera CG, Shweta FNU, Zeuli JD, Temesgen Z. Approach to the diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis. 2021;24:100244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100244; PMID: 34036184; PMCID: PMC8135042.
Sharma SK, Upadhyay V. Epidemiology, diagnosis & treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Indian J Med Res. 2020;152(3):185–226. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_902_20.
Ryu YJ, Koh WJ, Daley CL. Diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease: clinicians’ perspectives. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2016;79(2):74–84. https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2016.79.2.74; Epub 2016 Mar 31. PMID: 27066084; PMCID: PMC4823187.
Maurya AK, Nag VL, Kant S, Sharma A, Gadepalli RS, Kushwaha RA. Recent methods for diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacteria infections: relevance in clinical practice. Biomed Biotechnol Res J. 2017;1:14–8.
Corcoran TE, Thomas KM, Myerburg MM, Muthukrishnan A, Weber L, Frizzell R, Pilewski JM. Absorptive clearance of DTPA as an aerosol-based biomarker in the cystic fibrosis airway. Eur Respir J. 2010;35(4):781–6. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00059009; Epub 2009 Aug 28. PMID: 19717485; PMCID: PMC2867481.
Chakrabarti A, Sharma M, Dubey ML. Isolation rates of different mycobacterial species from Chandigarh (North India). Indian J Med Res. 1990;91:111–4; PMID: 2111799.
Bhattacharya J, Mohandas S, Goldman DL. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in children. Pediatr Rev. 2019;40(4):179–90. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2018-0131; PMID: 30936399.
Deveci HS, Kule M, Kule ZA, Habesoglu TE. Diagnostic challenges in cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis: a review. North Clin Istanb. 2016;3(2):150–5. https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2016.20982; PMID: 28058405; PMCID: PMC5206468.
Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, Catanzaro A, Daley C, Gordin F, Holland SM, Horsburgh R, Huitt G, Iademarco MF, Iseman M, Olivier K, Ruoss S, von Reyn CF, Wallace RJ Jr, Winthrop K, ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America. An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175(4):367–416. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST; Erratum in: Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007 Apr 1;175(7):744–5. Dosage error in article text.
Deshayes C, Angala SK, Marion E, Brandli I, Babonneau J, Preisser L, Eyangoh S, Delneste Y, Legras P, De Chastellier C, Stinear TP, Jackson M, Marsollier L. Regulation of mycolactone, the M. ulcerans toxin, depends on nutrient source. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(11):e2502. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002502; PMID: 24244764; PMCID: PMC3828164.
Petrini BM. Marinum: ubiquitous agent of waterborne granulomatous skin infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006;25(10):609–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-006-0201-4.
Uslan DZ, Kowalski TJ, Wengenack NL, Virk A, Wilson JW. Skin and soft tissue infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria: comparison of clinical features, treatment, and susceptibility. Arch Dermatol. 2006;142(10):1287–92. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.142.10.1287.
Xu X, Lao X, Zhang C, Cao C, Ding H, Pang Y, Ning Q, Zou J, Zang N, Hu D, Chen M. Chronic M. avium skin and soft tissue infection complicated with scalp osteomyelitis possibly secondary to anti-interferon-γ autoantibody formation. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):203. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3771-3; PMID: 30819109; PMCID: PMC6396482.
CLSI. Susceptibility testing of mycobacteria, nocardiae, and other aerobic actinomycetes; approved standard-second edition. (n.d.). www.clsi.org.
BD_BACTEC-MGIT_PE_TR. (n.d.) Siddiqi SH, Rüsch-Gerdes S. 2006. For BACTEC™ MGIT 960™ TB System (Also applicable for Manual MGIT) Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) Culture and Drug Susceptibility Demonstration Projects.
Thorpe TC, Wilson ML, Turner JE, Diguiseppi JL, Willert M, Mirrett S, Barth Reller L. BacT/Alert: an automated colorimetric microbial detection system. J Clin Microbiol. 1990;28(7):1608.
LaBombardi VJ. Comparison of the ESP and BACTEC systems for testing susceptibilities of M. tuberculosis complex isolates to pyrazinamide. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(6):2238–9. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.6.2238-2239.2002; PMID: 12037096; PMCID: PMC130663.
Chu HQ, Li B, Zhao L, Huang DD, Zhang ZM, Xu JF, Zhang JB, Gui T, Xu LY, Sun XW. Chest imaging comparison between non-tuberculous and tuberculosis mycobacteria in sputum acid fast bacilli smear-positive patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015;19(13):2429–39. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2674.
Jeong YJ, Lee KS, Koh WJ, Han J, Kim TS, Kwon OJ. Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection in immunocompetent patients: comparison of thin-section CT and histopathologic findings. Radiology. 2004;231(3):880–6. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2313030833; Epub 2004 Apr 29. PMID: 15118112.
Baris A, Bayraktar B. Identification of the mycobacterial strains isolated from clinical specimens using hsp65 PCR-RFLP method. Sisli Etfal Hastan Tip Bul. 2020;54(3):364–70. https://doi.org/10.14744/SEMB.2019.66587; PMID: 33312037; PMCID: PMC7729718.
Quan TP, Bawa Z, Foster D, Walker T, Del Ojo Elias C, Rathod P, Iqbal Z, Bradley P, Mowbray J, Walker AS, Crook DW, Wyllie DH, TEA P, Smith EG, MMM Informatics Group. Evaluation of whole-genome sequencing for mycobacterial species identification and drug susceptibility testing in a clinical setting: a large-scale prospective assessment of performance against line probe assays and phenoty**. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56(2):e01480–17. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01480-17; PMID: 29167290; PMCID: PMC5786738.
Chae H, Han SJ, Kim SY, Ki CS, Huh HJ, Yong D, Koh WJ, Shin SJ. Development of a one-step multiplex PCR assay for differential detection of major M. species. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55:2736–51. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00549-17; PMID: 28659320.
Somoskövi A, Hotaling JE, Fitzgerald M, Jonas V, Stasik D, Parsons LM, Salfinger M. False-positive results for M. celatum with the AccuProbe M. tuberculosis complex assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(7):2743–5. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.38.7.2743-2745.2000; PMID: 10878076; PMCID: PMC87016.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tomar, S., Maurya, A.K. (2023). Recent Developments in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infection. In: Singh, A., Sharma, D. (eds) Diagnosis of Mycobacterium. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5624-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5624-1_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-5623-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-5624-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)