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Antimicrobial Agents Induced Microbiome Dysbiosis Its Impact on Immune System and Metabolic Health

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Human Microbiome in Health, Disease, and Therapy

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Abstract

The role of antimicrobial agents like antibiotics and antiseptics in their clinical use in treating various diseases and in their non-medicinal uses in agricultural crops and animal farming is well known to all. Broad- and narrow-spectrum antibiotics when used against pathogenic bacteria not only show their action on pathogens but also show their indiscriminate action on commensal microbial flora. Over usage and misuse of antibiotics result in microbial resistance against antibiotics. Antibiotics, when administered to treat diseases, show their action on pathogenic bacteria, and simultaneously they show their mode of action on resident beneficial microbiota which in turn leads to alteration of microbiome composition. Excessive usage of antibiotics also negatively impacts human health and immunity. Microbiome, present in human beings, helps in various activities like nutrition, metabolism, etc. by producing amino acids, vitamins, and short chain fatty acids and also helps develo** immunity against a wide range of pathogens. The constant exposure of human microbiome to various antibiotics and antiseptics results in disruption in its ecology and imbalance of microbial composition which is referred to as microbiome dysbiosis. Imbalance in the harmonic relationship between the host and the microbiome, caused due to various external and internal factors affecting the human body, results in disruption in homeostasis and causes various diseases. The diseases associated with microbiome dysbiosis include obesity, celiac disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatic arthritis, neurodegenerative disorder, depression, autism, malignancy, and cancer. Fecal microbiota transplantation and manipulation of microbiota using probiotics are trending tools in microbiome research and are very useful applications in restoring microbial communities and correcting microbial dysbiosis.

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Acknowledgment

Authors thank principal and management of Bhavan’s Vivekananda college of Science, Humanities and Commerce for the encouragement and support.

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  1. Bhavan’s Vivekananda College of Science, Humanities and Commerce, Sainikpuri, Secunderabad, Telangana, India

    K. Anuradha, J. Sarada, Y. Aparna & S. Anju

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  1. Department of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Pallaval Veera Bramhachari

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Anuradha, K., Sarada, J., Aparna, Y., Anju, S. (2023). Antimicrobial Agents Induced Microbiome Dysbiosis Its Impact on Immune System and Metabolic Health. In: Veera Bramhachari, P. (eds) Human Microbiome in Health, Disease, and Therapy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5114-7_5

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