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Heavy Metal Pollution in Water: Cause and Remediation Strategies

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Current Status of Fresh Water Microbiology

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Abstract

Heavy metals are naturally present in earth’s crust, and some of them are essential to living organisms for carrying out life processes. Due to their high persistence and nonbiodegradable nature, heavy metal accumulation beyond recommended concentrations may lead to hazardous effect on various life forms and environment. Contamination of water bodies may be due to natural and anthropogenic sources. Unchecked discharge from industrial sites and agricultural runoff in to adjoining water bodies makes the water unfit for human consumption. Escalating levels of these pollutants pose a threat to aquatic life forms and surrounding environment. Heavy metals can execute various health problems that may range from mild to severe. They can be toxic to living organisms at very low levels of exposure. Excessive usage of heavy metals has raised concerns over time, and consequently, their impact on the overall environment is being studied by researchers extensively. To safeguard human health and environment, proper management and greener technologies for removal of heavy metal from water bodies is required. This chapter will discuss the source, toxicity, and permitted concentrations of some of the major heavy metals in water bodies. Remediation approaches for mitigation of these toxic compounds have also been described. Physical and chemical remediation processes for heavy metal cleanup are highly expensive and sometimes generate a significant amount of secondary pollutants; therefore, the focus has now shifted toward eco-friendly approaches such as bioremediation and phytoremediation. Further research needs to be carried out to maximize the applicability of the existing techniques and develo** highly efficient technologies for heavy metal removal from water bodies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

    Damini Maithani

  2. Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Sirmaur, Himanchal Pradesh, India

    Hemant Dasila

  3. Department of Environmental Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

    Anjali Tiwari

  4. Department of Chemistry, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India

    Devesh Bhatt & Komal Rawat

  5. Department of Science, Vidyadayini Institute of Science, Management and Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Deep Chandra Suyal

  6. School of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, India

    Ritika Saxena

Authors
  1. Damini Maithani
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  2. Hemant Dasila
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  3. Ritika Saxena
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  4. Anjali Tiwari
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  5. Devesh Bhatt
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  6. Komal Rawat
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  7. Deep Chandra Suyal
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Ravindra Soni

  2. Department of Science, Vidyadayini Institute of Science, Management and Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Deep Chandra Suyal

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico

    Lourdes Morales-Oyervides

  4. Department of Himalayan Aquatic Biodiversity, Hemvati Nandan Garhwal University (a central University),, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India

    Jaspal Sungh Chauhan

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© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Maithani, D. et al. (2023). Heavy Metal Pollution in Water: Cause and Remediation Strategies. In: Soni, R., Suyal, D.C., Morales-Oyervides, L., Sungh Chauhan, J. (eds) Current Status of Fresh Water Microbiology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5018-8_8

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