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Cytokines and Chemokines in Tumor Growth and Progression

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Cytokine and Chemokine Networks in Cancer

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Abstract

The significance of cytokines as signaling molecules, which has long been acknowledged, is expanding as a result of their connection to malignancies and the control of the immune system's antitumor activity. They significantly affect cellular activities concerning viruses and other diseases as well as inflammation. They are a vast family of tiny associated proteins that, upon connecting to the appropriate receptors, play crucial roles in immunological responses, proper physiology, and the evolution of new organs. These chemicals contribute to the regulation of immune cell signaling pathways as well as to the coordination and recruitment of immune cells to and from the organs. A form of this chemokine/chemokine receptor axis, in addition to the commonly understood antimicrobial immunity, also has a tumor-promoting role in numerous different cancers and is implicated in the development of repressive and protecting immunity. Consequently, they could be used as predictive indicators of different solid and hematopoietic malignancies. In addition, chemokines and their receptors play a significant role in practically all inflammatory disorders, including cancers, in one way or another. The use of novel medications for clinical assessment in the treatment of associated disorders relies on modifying the transcription of chemokines and their receptors on immune or malignant cells. The development and metastasis of tumors depend heavily on chemokines. Cancers, carcinomas, tumors, melanoma, pulmonary cancer, stomach carcinoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, colon cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are only a few of the malignancies to which cytokines are linked. Numerous cancers have altered expression of several cytokines and their receptors, which results in abnormal receptor signaling. This chapter focuses on the functions of tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), interferons (INFs), and interleukins (ILs), which encourage growth, metastases, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune evasion, and vasculature of tumors.

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  1. Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Manzoor Ahmad Mir, Mina Rashid & Nusrat Jan

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    Manzoor Ahmad Mir

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Mir, M.A., Rashid, M., Jan, N. (2023). Cytokines and Chemokines in Tumor Growth and Progression. In: Mir, M.A. (eds) Cytokine and Chemokine Networks in Cancer. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4657-0_2

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