Abstract
It is impossible to prevent earthquakes but it is possible to mitigate the related effects and to reduce the loss of life, injuries and damages associated with the disastrous earthquakes. Eventually, earthquakes may generate many more disasters such as liquefaction, landslides, earth ruptures and most prominently ground vibrations which in turn may accompany the collapse of non-earthquake-resistant buildings resulting in massive loss of life and property. Therefore, it is essential to substantiate the effects of earthquakes along with the existing structural design codes. The assessment of the earthquake response analysis for the earthquakes that occurred beneath NW, Central and NE Himalayan regions of India symbolised the normalised spectral amplifications for various categories of the sites exposed on hard rock, sediments and alluvium. It has been observed that the hard strata prominently exhibit a lower spectral acceleration than that of the alluvium sites for NW, Central and NE Himalayan regions for different kinds of site conditions and regional geological formations. The comparison of spectral acceleration and corresponding predominant period with that of the design code given by the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) design code demonstrates the efficacy of the BIS code which may be strictly implemented for both urban as well as rural Himalayan and adjoining regions of India as the estimated response curves from actual earthquakes for all the sites fall within the structural limits proposed by BIS code. As a conclusive remark, it is stated that BIS-based structural design codes may provide safety to the structures in case of earthquake shaking in and around the Himalayan region of India. It is also inferred that the use of an appropriate building design code that considers the constraints of the response spectrum and related predominant period may have the potential to reduce the loss of life and property in case of Himalayan disastrous earthquakes. Moreover, it is also imperative to design an earthquake risk resilient society to mitigate imminent plausible seismic hazards originating in the detachment zone of the Himalayan Frontal Thrust system.
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Acknowledgements
BS is grateful to Secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and Director, National Centre for Seismology (NCS), MoES for always encouraging attitude and providing a positive environment to carry out research work. MS is thankful to the Chairman, Department of Geophysics, Kurukshetra University for constant inspiration.
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Sharma, B., Sandhu, M. (2023). Earthquake Response and Its Implications Towards the Structural Design Codes for Himalayan Range and Adjoining Regions of India. In: Sandeep, Kumar, P., Mittal, H., Kumar, R. (eds) Geohazards. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, vol 53. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3955-8_6
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