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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism as Evolutionary Evidence of Individuality

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Fundamentals of Forensic Biology

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Abstract

Since the development of DNA fingerprinting by Sir Alec Jeffery, the technique has always had a special relevance to forensic science. With the new emerging technologies, DNA fingerprinting has been performed through detection of specific DNA sequences within reference and query samples by techniques such as RFLP analysis and SSCP analysis to name a few. Recent advancement into determination of individuality includes the detection and analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphs (SNPs) within the samples. These analyses have proven significance due to their uniqueness within the genetic sequences by acting as biological markers. SNP detection protocols focus on highlighting the presence of the sequence modifications by using electrophoretic techniques, probes, primers, and high-throughput methods such as Sanger sequencing and NGS. The high-throughput techniques allow simultaneous multi-sample analysis through sequence by synthesis. With respect to individualization, these techniques have been adopted worldwide on regular basis for forensic investigation analysis of recent and cold cases.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India

    Sarthak Misra

  2. School of Applied Sciences and Technology, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

    Parth Sharma

  3. Kristu Jayanti College, Bangalore, India

    Aditi Mishra

  4. **dal Institute of Behavioural Sciences, O.P. **dal Global University, Sonipat, India

    Ulhas Gondhali

  5. Department of Forensic Science, National Forensic Science University Delhi Campus (LNJN NICFS), New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Tanya Chauhan

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  1. Sarthak Misra
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  2. Parth Sharma
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  3. Aditi Mishra
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  4. Ulhas Gondhali
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  5. Tanya Chauhan
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of DNA and Forensic Biology, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Avinash Puri

  2. Department of DNA, Forensic Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Nithyanandam Mahalakshmi

  3. Department of Forensic Science, National Forensic Science University Delhi Campus (LNJNNICFS), New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Tanya Chauhan

  4. Department of Biology, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Alka Mishra

  5. Department of DNA, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Preeti Bhatnagar

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Misra, S., Sharma, P., Mishra, A., Gondhali, U., Chauhan, T. (2024). Single Nucleotide Polymorphism as Evolutionary Evidence of Individuality. In: Puri, A., Mahalakshmi, N., Chauhan, T., Mishra, A., Bhatnagar, P. (eds) Fundamentals of Forensic Biology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3161-3_21

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