Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries fascinated the excessive intension of research community due to higher energy density, cost-effective, and greater efficiency as compared to lithium-ion batteries. Though under the huge benefits and countless achievements, there are some limitations such as rapid capacity declining and low utilization with sulfur cathode because of shuttle effect and uncontrollable high polysulfide deposition which restricted to practical usage of such effective energy storage device. Under such circumstances, we discussed nanomaterial-based sulfur cathode composites in this chapter specifically which provide great support in better electrochemical pathways. However, design/fabrication of different carbon-sulfur or other polymer-sulfur composite cathodes have been discussed with addressed shuttle effect and solution of this problem by these composites. Furthermore, porous, hollow/core-shell, nanosheets/nanorods and hierarchical nanomaterials have also been discussed with their size effects on Li+/electron transfer and their morphological impact on electrochemical performance as well. We summarized the different porous carbon hosts with their steady incorporation ways of carbon-sulfur cathodes. At the end, we summarized sufficient regarding challenges with sulfur cathode which restricted the applications in electronic field at commercial level. Additionally, our discussion concluded with their develo** trend in the future about porous nanomaterial-based sulfur composite of sulfur cathode.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bai L, Chao D, **ng P, Tou LJ, Chen Z, Jana A, Shen ZX, Zhao Y (2016) Refined sulfur nanoparticles immobilized in metal–organic polyhedron as stable cathodes for Li–S battery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(23):14328–14333
Barchasz C, Mesguich F, Dijon J, Leprêtre J-C, Patoux S, Alloin F (2012a) Novel positive electrode architecture for rechargeable lithium/sulfur batteries. J Power Sources 211:19–26
Barchasz C, Leprêtre J-C, Alloin F, Patoux S (2012b) New insights into the limiting parameters of the Li/S rechargeable cell. J Power Sources 199:322–330
Bhargav A, Chang C-H, Fu Y, Manthiram A (2019) Rationally designed high-sulfur-content polymeric cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11(6):6136–6142
Cai L, Zhang Q, Mwizerwa JP, Wan H, Yang X, Xu X, Yao X (2018) Highly crystalline layered VS2 nanosheets for all-solid-state lithium batteries with enhanced electrochemical performances. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10(12):10053–10063
Cheng X-B, Huang J-Q, Zhang Q, Peng H-J, Zhao M-Q, Wei F (2014) Aligned carbon nanotube/sulfur composite cathodes with high sulfur content for lithium–sulfur batteries. Nano Energy 4:65–72
Cheon S, Ko K, Cho J, Kim S, Chin E, Kim H-T (2003) Rechargeable lithium sulfur battery. Electrochem Soc 150:A796–A799
DÃez N, Sevilla M, Fuertes AB (2020) N/S-Co-doped porous carbon nanoparticles serving the dual function of sulfur host and separator coating in lithium–sulfur batteries. ACS Appl Energy Mater 3(4):3397–3407
Dirlam PT, Glass RS, Char K, Pyun J (2017) The use of polymers in Li-S batteries: a review. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 55(10):1635–1668
Elazari R, Salitra G, Talyosef Y, Grinblat J, Scordilis-Kelley C, **ao A, Affinito J, Aurbach D (2010) Morphological and structural studies of composite sulfur electrodes upon cycling by HRTEM, AFM and Raman spectroscopy. J Electrochem Soc 157(10):A1131
Fan H, Tang Q, Chen X, Fan B, Chen S, Hu A (2016) Dual-confined sulfur nanoparticles encapsulated in hollow TiO2 spheres wrapped with graphene for lithium–sulfur batteries. Chem Asian J 11(20):2911–2917
Feng J, Sun X, Wu C, Peng L, Lin C, Hu S, Yang J, **e Y (2011) Metallic few-layered VS2 ultrathin nanosheets: high two-dimensional conductivity for in-plane supercapacitors. J Am Chem Soc 133(44):17832–17838
He X, Ren J, Wang L, Pu W, Jiang C, Wan C (2009) Expansion and shrinkage of the sulfur composite electrode in rechargeable lithium batteries. J Power Sources 190(1):154–156
He J, Chen Y, Manthiram A (2018) MOF-derived cobalt sulfide grown on 3D graphene foam as an efficient sulfur host for long-life lithium-sulfur batteries. iScience 4:36–43
Ji Q, Li C, Wang J, Niu J, Gong Y, Zhang Z, Fang Q, Zhang Y, Shi J, Liao L (2017) Metallic vanadium disulfide nanosheets as a platform material for multifunctional electrode applications. Nano Lett 17(8):4908–4916
Lee JS, Jun J, Jang J, Manthiram A (2017) Sulfur-immobilized, activated porous carbon nanotube composite based cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries. Small 13(12):1602984
Li H, Sun M, Zhang T, Fang Y, Wang G (2014) Improving the performance of PEDOT-PSS coated sulfur@ activated porous graphene composite cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries. J Mater Chem A 2(43):18345–18352
Li Z, Huang Y, Yuan L, Hao Z, Huang Y (2015) Status and prospects in sulfur–carbon composites as cathode materials for rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries. Carbon 92:41–63
Li M, Carter R, Douglas A, Oakes L, Pint CL (2017) Sulfur vapor-infiltrated 3D carbon nanotube foam for binder-free high areal capacity lithium–sulfur battery composite cathodes. ACS Nano 11(5):4877–4884
Li X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Liu Y, Ding Y, He G, Zhang N, Yu G (2019a) Hierarchically porous C/Fe3C membranes with fast ion-transporting channels and polysulfide-trap** networks for high-areal-capacity Li–S batteries. Nano Lett 20(1):701–708
Li J, Chen C, Chen Y, Li Z, **e W, Zhang X, Shao M, Wei M (2019b) Polysulfide confinement and highly efficient conversion on hierarchical mesoporous carbon nanosheets for Li–S batteries. Adv Energy Mater 9(42):1901935
Li Z, **ao Z, Li P, Meng X, Wang R (2020) Enhanced chemisorption and catalytic effects toward polysulfides by modulating hollow nanoarchitectures for long-life lithium–sulfur batteries. Small 16(4):1906114
Li D, Li H, Zheng S, Gao N, Li S, Liu J, Hou L, Liu J, Miao B, Bai J (2022) CoS2-TiO2@ C Core-Shell fibers as cathode host material for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 607:655–661
Liang X, Wen Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Wu M, Huang L (2011) Preparation and characterization of sulfur–polypyrrole composites with controlled morphology as high capacity cathode for lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 192(1):347–350
Liang X, Zhang M, Kaiser MR, Gao X, Konstantinov K, Tandiono R, Wang Z, Liu H-K, Dou S-X, Wang J (2015) Split-half-tubular polypyrrole@ sulfur@ polypyrrole composite with a novel three-layer-3D structure as cathode for lithium/sulfur batteries. Nano Energy 11:587–599
Liang J, Sun Z-H, Li F, Cheng H-M (2016) Carbon materials for Li-S batteries: functional evolution and performance improvement. Energy Storage Mater 2:76–106
Liu Y, Jiang L, Wang H, Wang H, Jiao W, Chen G, Zhang P, Hui D, Jian X (2019) A brief review for fluorinated carbon: synthesis, properties and applications. Nanotechnol Rev 8(1):573–586
Liu X, He Q, Yuan H, Yan C, Zhao Y, Xu X, Huang J-Q, Chueh Y-L, Zhang Q, Mai L (2020) Interface enhanced well-dispersed Co9S8 nanocrystals as an efficient polysulfide host in lithium–sulfur batteries. J Energy Chem 48:109–115
Liu P, Zhong W, Du W, Guo B, Qi Y, Bao S-J, Xu M (2021) Suppressed shuttling effect of polysulfides using three-dimensional nickel hydroxide polyhedrons for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 593:89–95
Manthiram A, Fu Y, Chung S-H, Zu C, Su Y-S (2014) Rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries. Chem Rev 114(23):11751–11787
Manthiram A, Chung SH, Zu C (2015) Lithium–sulfur batteries: progress and prospects. Adv Mater 27(12):1980–2006
Meng L, Yao Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Qian D, Zheng L, Su B-L, Wang H-E (2020) MoSe2 nanosheets as a functional host for lithium-sulfur batteries. J Energy Chem. 47:241–247
Mikhaylik YV, Akridge JR (2004) Polysulfide shuttle study in the Li/S battery system. J Electrochem Soc 151(11):A1969
Oakes L, Carter R, Pint CL (2016) Nanoscale defect engineering of lithium–sulfur battery composite cathodes for improved performance. Nanoscale 8(46):19368–19375
Pang J, Mendes RG, Bachmatiuk A, Zhao L, Ta HQ, Gemming T, Liu H, Liu Z, Rummeli MH (2019) Applications of 2D MXenes in energy conversion and storage systems. Chem Soc Rev 48(1):72–133
Qin J-L, Li B-Q, Huang J-Q, Kong L, Chen X, Peng H-J, **e J, Liu R, Zhang Q (2019) Graphene-based Fe-coordinated framework porphyrin as an interlayer for lithium–sulfur batteries. Mater Chem Front 3(4):615–619
Su YS, Fu Y, Guo B, Dai S, Manthiram A (2013) Fast, reversible lithium storage with a sulfur/long-chain-polysulfide redox couple. Chemistry Eur J 19(26):8621–8626
Tang H, Yao S, Mi J, Wu X, Hou J, Shen X (2017) Ketjen Black/Mg0. 6Ni0. 4O composite coated separator for lithium-sulfur batteries with enhanced electrochemical performance. Mater Lett 186:127–130
Wang J, Yang J, **e J, Xu N, Li Y (2002) Sulfur–carbon nano-composite as cathode for rechargeable lithium battery based on gel electrolyte. Electrochem Commun 4(6):499–502
Wang H, Yang Y, Liang Y, Robinson JT, Li Y, Jackson A, Cui Y, Dai H (2011) Graphene-wrapped sulfur particles as a rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery cathode material with high capacity and cycling stability. Nano Lett 11(7):2644–2647
Wang W, Wang X, Tian L, Wang Y, Ye S (2014) In situ sulfur deposition route to obtain sulfur–carbon composite cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries. J Mater Chem A 2(12):4316–4323
Wang Y, Chen F, Liu Z, Tang Z, Yang Q, Zhao Y, Du S, Chen Q, Zhi C (2019) A highly elastic and reversibly stretchable all-polymer supercapacitor. Angew Chem 131(44):15854–15858
Wang C, Yi Y, Li H, Wu P, Li M, Jiang W, Chen Z, Li H, Zhu W, Dai S (2020) Rapid gas-assisted exfoliation promises V2O5 nanosheets for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries. Nano Energy 67:104253
Wei W, Li J, Wang Q, Liu D, Niu J, Liu P (2020) Hierarchically porous SnO2 nanoparticle-anchored polypyrrole nanotubes as a high-efficient sulfur/polysulfide trap for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12(5):6362–6370
Wild M, O’Neill L, Zhang T, Purkayastha R, Minton G, Marinescu M, Offer GJ (2015) Lithium sulfur batteries, a mechanistic review. Energy Environ Sci 8(12):3477–3494
Wu H, Huan Y, Wang D, Li M, Cheng X, Bai Z, Wu P, Peng W, Zhang R, Ji Z (2019) Hierarchical VS2 nano-flowers as sulfur host for lithium sulfur battery cathodes. J Electrochem Soc 166(2):A188
Wu Z, Yuan L, Han Q, Lan Y, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Ouyang X, Zhu J, Wang X, Fu Y (2020) Phosphorous/oxygen co-doped mesoporous carbon bowls as sulfur host for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries. J Power Sources 450:227658
Wu L, Dai Y, Zeng W, Huang J, Liao B, Pang H (2021) Effective ion pathways and 3D conductive carbon networks in bentonite host enable stable and high-rate lithium–sulfur batteries. Nanotechnol Rev 10(1):20–33
Yan Y, Li H, Cheng C, Yan T, Gao W, Mao J, Dai K, Zhang L (2021) Boosting polysulfide redox conversion of Li-S batteries by one-step-synthesized Co-Mo bimetallic nitride. J Energy Chem 61:336–346
Yang Y, Zheng G, Cui Y (2013) Nanostructured sulfur cathodes. Chem Soc Rev 42(7):3018–3032
Ye Y, Wu F, Liu Y, Zhao T, Qian J, **ng Y, Li W, Huang J, Li L, Huang Q (2017) Toward practical high-energy batteries: a modular-assembled oval-like carbon microstructure for thick sulfur electrodes. Adv Mater 29(48):1700598
Yu M, Ma J, **e M, Song H, Tian F, Xu S, Zhou Y, Li B, Wu D, Qiu H (2017) Freestanding and sandwich-structured electrode material with high areal mass loading for long-life lithium–sulfur batteries. Adv Energy Mater 7(11):1602347
Yuan J, Wu J, Hardy WJ, Loya P, Lou M, Yang Y, Najmaei S, Jiang M, Qin F, Keyshar K (2015) Facile synthesis of single crystal vanadium disulfide nanosheets by chemical vapor deposition for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction. Adv Mater 27(37):5605–5609
Zeng L-C, Li W-H, Jiang Y, Yu Y (2017) Recent progress in Li–S and Li–Se batteries. Rare Metals 36(5):339–364
Zhang B, Qin X, Li G, Gao X (2010) Enhancement of long stability of sulfur cathode by encapsulating sulfur into micropores of carbon spheres. Energy Environ Sci 3(10):1531–1537
Zhang Z, Kong LL, Liu S, Li GR, Gao XP (2017) A high-efficiency sulfur/carbon composite based on 3D graphene nanosheet@ carbon nanotube matrix as cathode for lithium–sulfur battery. Adv Energy Mater 7(11):1602543
Zhang Y, Tang W, Zhan R, Liu H, Chen H, Yang J, Xu M (2019a) An N-doped porous carbon/MXene composite as a sulfur host for lithium–sulfur batteries. Inorg Chem Front 6(10):2894–2899
Zhang H, Zou M, Zhao W, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wu Y, Dai L, Cao A (2019b) Highly dispersed catalytic Co3S4 among a hierarchical carbon nanostructure for high-rate and long-life lithium–sulfur batteries. ACS Nano 13(4):3982–3991
Zheng W, Liu Y, Hu X, Zhang C (2006) Novel nanosized adsorbing sulfur composite cathode materials for the advanced secondary lithium batteries. Electrochim Acta 51(7):1330–1335
Zheng G, Yang Y, Cha JJ, Hong SS, Cui Y (2011) Hollow carbon nanofiber-encapsulated sulfur cathodes for high specific capacity rechargeable lithium batteries. Nano Lett 11(10):4462–4467
Zhou J, Wang L, Yang M, Wu J, Chen F, Huang W, Han N, Ye H, Zhao F, Li Y (2017) Hierarchical VS2 nanosheet assemblies: a universal host material for the reversible storage of alkali metal ions. Adv Mater 29(35):1702061
Zhu X, Zhao W, Song Y, Li Q, Ding F, Sun J, Zhang L, Liu Z (2018) In situ assembly of 2D conductive vanadium disulfide with graphene as a high-sulfur-loading host for lithium–sulfur batteries. Adv Energy Mater 8(20):1800201
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Arif, M., Sagir, M., Nazir, S., Tahir, M.B. (2024). Nanomaterial-Based Sulfur Composite Cathodes. In: Tahir, M.S., Tahir, M.B., Sagir, M., Asiri, A.M. (eds) Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Key Parameters, Recent Advances, Challenges and Applications. Springer Tracts in Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2796-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2796-8_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-2795-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-2796-8
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)