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Recent Progress in the Pharmacology of Phytoestrogens: Emerging Neuromodulators for Treating Anxiety and Depression

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Abstract

Phytoestrogens are plant-derived non-steroidal xenoestrogens that possess an ability to bind with endogenous estrogen receptors and mildly mimic the estrogenic activity of endogenous estrogens. They are commonly found in soy, beans, red clover, sprouting plants, etc. Several preclinical studies have documented that phytoestrogen improves health and brain functions. As per the WHO, depression and anxiety are significant contributors to the global burden of non-fatal diseases. Depression is ranked as one of the largest contributors to a disability, whereas anxiety disorders are ranked sixth among the global burden of non-fatal diseases. Till now there have been several synthetic treatments for depression and anxiety. However, they present a lot of problems that affect the daily lives of the patients. Therefore, scientists are now focusing on develo** plant-derived drugs to exclude these problems. Over the last decade, phytoestrogens have gained a lot of attention due to the lower prevalence of chronic diseases in the Japanese and Chinese populations taking soy isoflavones in their diet. The promising benefits of various phytoestrogens and the role of different mediators in mediating the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of phytoestrogens have been widely explored. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), increased serotonergic transmission, activation of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor (GABAA receptor), oxidative stress reduction, glucocorticoid secretion, and inhibition of cytokines release, etc. are the major modulations produced by the phytoestrogens in eliciting antidepressant and anxiolytic effect. This chapter is designed to discuss the role and possible pathways leading to the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of best-researched phytoestrogens.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India

    Lovedeep Singh & Rajbir Bhatti

  2. University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India

    Lovedeep Singh

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  1. Lovedeep Singh
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  2. Rajbir Bhatti
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Correspondence to Lovedeep Singh .

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, India

    Prati Pal Singh

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Singh, L., Bhatti, R. (2023). Recent Progress in the Pharmacology of Phytoestrogens: Emerging Neuromodulators for Treating Anxiety and Depression. In: Singh, P.P. (eds) Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Innovation and Research. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2302-1_13

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