Abstract
The process of maintenance is always considered to be a huge driver of costs in all industries. Depending on the industry, maintenance activities can account for 15–70% of the total production costs. Despite that, most of the industries still rely upon maintenance policies that are outdated and severely inefficient from a time and money point of view. In this context, the railway industry is no exception. Maintenance of high-value assets of Indian Railways is still done primarily through conventional maintenance practices. This causes the production time to go down and the overall quality of the components to deteriorate. On the other hand, there is ample research work being done to explore the details of several other maintenance policies. One of the most efficient and highly preferred maintenance policies is predictive maintenance. This study reviews existing literature on predictive maintenance and its implementation in the railway industry and identifies gaps and prospects for further research. The objective of this study is to begin with understanding the current maintenance policies used by Indian Railways, and then go about outlining the potential advantages of implementing predictive maintenance. To signify the importance of predictive maintenance, an analysis is performed over real-world data of rolling stock by training a machine learning model over the data and predicting the Remaining Useful Life of the components. The model is trained using a type of Recurrent Neural Network, known as Long Short-Term Memory networks. This training is carried out by a regression algorithm. Finally, the predictions from the model are plotted and compared with the actual data, to indicate the efficacy of the model. After interpreting the findings of the plot, it is concluded that such predictive maintenance systems could be installed in the rolling stock operated by the Indian Railways, as it would impact the overall availability and efficiency of the assets and boost the operations of the organization.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sharma, S.K., Lee, J., Jang, H.-L.: Mathematical modeling and simulation of suspended equipment impact on car body modes. Machines 10, 192 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10030192
Vishwakarma, P.N., Mishra, P., Sharma, S.K.: Formulation of semi-active suspension system and controls in rail vehicle. SSRN Electron. J. (2022). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4159616
Vishwakarma, P.N., Mishra, P., Sharma, S.K.: Characterization of a magnetorheological fluid damper a review. Mater. Today Proc. 56, 2988–2994 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.143
Sharma, S.K., Sharma, R.C., Lee, J., Jang, H.-L.: Numerical and experimental analysis of DVA on the flexible-rigid rail vehicle carbody resonant vibration. Sensors 22, 1922 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051922
Sharma, S.K., Mohapatra, S., Sharma, R.C., Alturjman, S., Altrjman, C., Mostarda, L., Stephan, T.: Retrofitting existing buildings to improve energy performance. Sustainability 14, 666 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020666
Sharma, S.K., Sharma, R.C., Lee, J.: In situ and experimental analysis of longitudinal load on carbody fatigue life using nonlinear damage accumulation. Int. J. Damage Mech. 31, 605–622 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895211046043
Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K.: Ride analysis of road surface-three-wheeled vehicle-human subject interactions subjected to random excitation. SAE Int. J. Commer. Veh. 15, 02-15-03-0017 (2022). https://doi.org/10.4271/02-15-03-0017
Sharma, S.K., Lee, J.: Crashworthiness analysis for structural stability and dynamics. Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 21, 2150039 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455421500395
Wu, Q., Cole, C., Spiryagin, M., Chang, C., Wei, W., Ursulyak, L., Shvets, A., Murtaza, M.A., Mirza, I.M., Zhelieznov, К., Mohammadi, S., Serajian, H., Schick, B., Berg, M., Sharma, R.C., Aboubakr, A., Sharma, S.K., Melzi, S., Di Gialleonardo, E., Bosso, N., Zampieri, N., Magelli, M., Ion, C.C., Routcliffe, I., Pudovikov, O., Menaker, G., Mo, J., Luo, S., Ghafourian, A., Serajian, R., Santos, A.A., Teodoro, Í.P., Eckert, J.J., Pugi, L., Shabana, A., Cantone, L.: Freight train air brake models. Int. J. Rail Transp. 1–49 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/23248378.2021.2006808
Sharma, S.K., Sharma, R.C., Lee, J.: Effect of rail vehicle-track coupled dynamics on fatigue failure of coil spring in a suspension system. Appl. Sci. 11, 2650 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062650
Mohapatra, S., Mohanty, D., Mohapatra, S., Sharma, S., Dikshit, S., Kohli, I., Samantaray, D.P., Kumar, R., Kathpalia, M.: Biomedical application of polymeric biomaterial: polyhydroxybutyrate. In: Bioresource Utilization and Management: Applications in Therapeutics, Biofuels, Agriculture, and Environmental Science, pp. 1–14. CRC Press (2021). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1491519/v1
Bhardawaj, S., Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K., Sharma, N.: On the planning and construction of railway curved track. Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst. 13, 151–159 (2021). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.13.2.04
Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S., Sharma, N., Sharma, S.K.: Linear and nonlinear analysis of ride and stability of a three-wheeled vehicle subjected to random and bump inputs using bond graph and simulink methodology. SAE Int. J. Commer. Veh. 14, 02-15-01-0001 (2021). https://doi.org/10.4271/02-15-01-0001
Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S., Sharma, S.K., Sharma, N., Singh, G.: Analysis of bio-dynamic model of seated human subject and optimization of the passenger ride comfort for three-wheel vehicle using random search technique. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part K J. Multi-body Dyn. 235, 106–121 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1177/1464419320983711
Choi, S., Lee, J., Sharma, S.K.: A study on the performance evaluation of hydraulic tank injectors. In: Advances in Engineering Design: Select Proceedings of FLAME 2020, pp. 183–190. Springer, Singapore (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4684-0_19
Lee, J., Han, J., Sharma, S.K.: Structural analysis on the separated and integrated differential gear case for the weight reduction. In: Joshi, P., Gupta, S.S., Shukla, A.K., Gautam, S.S. (eds.) Advances in Engineering Design. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, pp. 175–181 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4684-0_18
Sharma, S.K., Sharma, R.C.: Multi-objective Design optimization of locomotive nose. In: SAE Technical Paper, pp. 1–10 (2021). https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-5053
Sharma, R.C., Palli, S., Sharma, N., Sharma, S.K.: Ride behaviour of a four-wheel vehicle using H infinity semi-active suspension control under deterministic and random inputs. Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst. 13, 234–237 (2021). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.13.2.18
Sharma, S.K., Sharma, R.C., Sharma, N.: Combined multi-body-system and finite element analysis of a rail locomotive crashworthiness. Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst. 12, 428–435 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.12.4.15
Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K., Palli, S.: Linear and non-linear stability analysis of a constrained railway wheelaxle. Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst. 12, 128–133 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.12.2.04
Palli, S., Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K., Chintada, V.B.: On methods used for setting the curve for railway tracks. J. Crit. Rev. 7, 241–246 (2020)
Mohapatra, S., Pattnaik, S., Maity, S., Mohapatra, S., Sharma, S., Akhtar, J., Pati, S., Samantaray, D.P., Varma, A.: Comparative analysis of PHAs production by Bacillus megaterium OUAT 016 under submerged and solid-state fermentation. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 27, 1242–1250 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.02.001
Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K., Sharma, N., Sharma, S.: Analysis of ride and stability of an ICF railway coach. Int. J. Veh. Noise Vib. 16, 127 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVNV.2020.117820
Sharma, S.K., Phan, H., Lee, J.: An Application study on road surface monitoring using DTW based image processing and ultrasonic sensors. Appl. Sci. 10, 4490 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134490
Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S., Sharma, S.K., Sharma, N.: Analysis of generalized force and its influence on ride and stability of railway vehicle. Noise Vib. Worldw. 51, 95–109 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/0957456520923125
Lee, J., Sharma, S.K.: Numerical investigation of critical speed analysis of high-speed rail vehicle. 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 (Korean Soc. Precis. Eng. 696) (2020).
Sharma, S.K., Lee, J.: Finite element analysis of a fishplate rail joint in extreme environment condition. Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst. 12, 503–506 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.12.5.03
Bhardawaj, S., Sharma, R., Sharma, S.: Ride analysis of track-vehicle-human body interaction subjected to random excitation. J. Chinese Soc. Mech. Eng. 41, 237–236 (2020). https://doi.org/10.29979/JCSME
Bhardawaj, S., Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K.: Development in the modeling of rail vehicle system for the analysis of lateral stability. Mater. Today Proc. 25, 610–619 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.376
Bhardawaj, S., Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K.: Analysis of frontal car crash characteristics using ANSYS. Mater. Today Proc. 25, 898–902 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.358
Sharma, S., Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K., Sharma, N., Palli, S., Bhardawaj, S.: Vibration isolation of the quarter car model of road vehicle system using dynamic vibration absorber. Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst. 12, 513–516 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.12.5.05
Acharya, A., Gahlaut, U., Sharma, K., Sharma, S.K., Vishwakarma, P.N., Phanden, R.K.: Crashworthiness analysis of a thin-walled structure in the frontal part of automotive chassis. Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst. 12, 517–520 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.12.5.06
Bhardawaj, S., Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K.: Development of multibody dynamical using MR damper based semi-active bio-inspired chaotic fruit fly and fuzzy logic hybrid suspension control for rail vehicle system. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part K J. Multi-body Dyn. 234, 723–744 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/1464419320953685
Sharma, S.K., Lee, J.: Design and development of smart semi active suspension for nonlinear rail vehicle vibration reduction. Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 20, 2050120 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455420501205
Sharma, S.K.: Multibody analysis of longitudinal train dynamics on the passenger ride performance due to brake application. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part K J. Multi-body Dyn. 233, 266–279 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1464419318788775
Goyal, S., Anand, C.S., Sharma, S.K., Sharma, R.C.: Crashworthiness analysis of foam filled star shape polygon of thin-walled structure. Thin-Walled Struct. 144, 106312 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.106312
Sharma, S.K., Sharma, R.C.: Pothole detection and warning system for Indian roads. In: Advances in Interdisciplinary Engineering, pp. 511–519 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6577-5_48
Goswami, B., Rathi, A., Sayeed, S., Das, P., Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K.: Optimization design for aerodynamic elements of Indian locomotive of passenger train. In: Advances in Engineering Design, pp. 663–673. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6469-3_61
Bhardawaj, S., Chandmal Sharma, R., Kumar Sharma, S.: Development and advancement in the wheel-rail rolling contact mechanics. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 691, 012034 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/691/1/012034
Choppara, R.K., Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K., Gupta, T.: Aero dynamic cross wind analysis of locomotive. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, p. 12035. IOP Publishing (2019)
Sinha, A.K., Sengupta, A., Gandhi, H., Bansal, P., Agarwal, K.M., Sharma, S.K., Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K.: Performance enhancement of an all-terrain vehicle by optimizing steering, powertrain and brakes. In: Advances in Engineering Design, pp. 207–215 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6469-3_19
Sharma, S.K., Saini, U., Kumar, A.: Semi-active control to reduce lateral vibration of passenger rail vehicle using disturbance rejection and continuous state damper controllers. J. Vib. Eng. Technol. 7, 117–129 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42417-019-00088-2
Bhardawaj, S., Chandmal Sharma, R., Kumar Sharma, S.: A survey of railway track modelling. Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst. 11, 508–518 (2019). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.11.5.08
Sharma, R.C., Palli, S., Sharma, S.K., Roy, M.: Modernization of railway track with composite sleepers. Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst. 9, 321–329 (2018)
Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K., Palli, S.: Rail vehicle modelling and simulation using Lagrangian method. Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst. 10, 188–194 (2018). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.10.3.07
Palli, S., Koona, R., Sharma, S.K., Sharma, R.C.: A review on dynamic analysis of rail vehicle coach. Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst. 10, 204–211 (2018). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.10.3.10
Sharma, S.K., Sharma, R.C.: An investigation of a locomotive structural crashworthiness using finite element simulation. SAE Int. J. Commer. Veh. 11, 235–244 (2018). https://doi.org/10.4271/02-11-04-0019
Sharma, S.K., Sharma, R.C.: Simulation of quarter-car model with magnetorheological dampers for ride quality improvement. Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst. 10, 169–173 (2018). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.10.3.03
Sharma, S.K., Kumar, A.: Impact of longitudinal train dynamics on train operations: a simulation-based study. J. Vib. Eng. Technol. 6, 197–203 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42417-018-0033-4
Sharma, R.C., Sharma, S.K.: Sensitivity analysis of three-wheel vehicle’s suspension parameters influencing ride behavior. Noise Vib. Worldw. 49, 272–280 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/0957456518796846
Sharma, S.K., Kumar, A.: Ride comfort of a higher speed rail vehicle using a magnetorheological suspension system. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part K J. Multi-body Dyn. 232, 32–48 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/1464419317706873
Sharma, S.K., Kumar, A.: Disturbance rejection and force-tracking controller of nonlinear lateral vibrations in passenger rail vehicle using magnetorheological fluid damper. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 29, 279–297 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X17721051
Sharma, S.K., Kumar, A.: Impact of electric locomotive traction of the passenger vehicle Ride quality in longitudinal train dynamics in the context of Indian railways. Mech. Ind. 18, 222 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2016047
Sharma, S.K., Kumar, A.: Ride performance of a high speed rail vehicle using controlled semi active suspension system. Smart Mater. Struct. 26, 055026 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aa68f7
Sharma, S.K., Kumar, A.: Dynamics analysis of wheel rail contact using FEA. Procedia Eng. 144, 1119–1128 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.05.076
Sharma, S.K., Kumar, A.: The impact of a rigid-flexible system on the ride quality of passenger bogies using a flexible carbody. In: Pombo, J. (ed.) Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Railway Technology: Research, Development and Maintenance, Stirlingshire, UK, p. 87. Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, UK (2016). https://doi.org/10.4203/ccp.110.87
Sharma, S.K., Chaturvedi, S.: Jerk analysis in rail vehicle dynamics. Perspect. Sci. 8, 648–650 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pisc.2016.06.047
Kulkarni, D., Sharma, S.K., Kumar, A.: Finite element analysis of a fishplate rail joint due to wheel impact. In: International Conference on Advances in Dynamics, Vibration and Control (ICADVC-2016) NIT Durgapur, India February 25–27, 2016. National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India (2016)
Sharma, S.K., Sharma, R.C., Kumar, A., Palli, S.: Challenges in rail vehicle-track modeling and simulation. Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst. 7, 1–9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.7.1.01
Sharma, S.K., Kumar, A., Sharma, R.C.: Challenges in railway vehicle modeling and simulations. In: International Conference on Newest Drift in Mechanical Engineering (ICNDME-14), December 20–21, M. M. University, Mullana, India, pp. 453–459. Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana—Ambala (2014)
Sharma, S.K., Kumar, A.: A comparative study of Indian and Worldwide railways. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Robot. Res. 1, 114–120 (2014)
Sharma, S.K.: Zero energy building envelope components: a review. Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl. 3, 662–675 (2013)
Sharma, S.K., Lavania, S.: An autonomous metro: design and execution. In: Futuristic trends in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, pp. 1–8. JECRC UDML College of Engineering, Jaipur (2013)
Sharma, S.K., Lavania, S.: Green manufacturing and green supply chain management in India a review. In: Futuristic Trends in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, pp. 1–8. JECRC UDML College of Engineering (2013)
Sharma, S.K., Lavania, S.: Skin effect in high speed VLSI on-chip interconnects. In: International Conference on VLSI, Communication & Networks, V-CAN, pp. 1–8. Institute of Engineering & Technology, Alwar (2011)
Lavania, S., Sharma, S.K.: An explicit approach to compare crosstalk noise and delay in VLSI RLC interconnect modeled with skin effect with step and ramp input. J. VLSI Des. Tools Technol. 1, 1–8 (2011)
Dao, D.K., Ngo, V., Phan, H., Pham, C.V., Lee, J., Bui, T.Q.: Rayleigh wave motions in an orthotropic half-space under time-harmonic loadings: a theoretical study. Appl. Math. Model. 87, 171–179 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2020.06.006
Park, J., Lee, J., Le, Z., Cho, Y.: High-precision noncontact guided wave tomographic imaging of plate structures using a DHB algorithm. Appl. Sci. 10, 4360 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124360
Park, J., Lee, J., Min, J., Cho, Y.: Defects inspection in wires by nonlinear ultrasonic-guided wave generated by electromagnetic sensors. Appl. Sci. 10, 4479 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134479
Lee, J., Ngo, V., Phan, H., Nguyen, T., Dao, D.K., Cho, Y.: Scattering of surface waves by a three-dimensional cavity of arbitrary shape: analytical and experimental studies. Appl. Sci. 9, 5459 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245459
Park, J., Lee, J., Jeong, S.-G., Cho, Y.: A study on guided wave propagation in a long distance curved pipe. J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 33, 4111–4117 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-019-0806-z
Rubió-Massegú, J., Palacios-Quiñonero, F., Rossell, J.M., Karimi, H.R.: A novel iterative linear matrix inequality design procedure for passive inter-substructure vibration control. Appl. Sci. 10, 5859 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/app10175859
Sharma, S.K., Sharma, R.C., Choi, Y., Lee, J.: Experimental and mathematical study of flexible–rigid rail vehicle riding comfort and safety. Appl. Sci. 13, 5252 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095252
Palacios-Quiñonero, F., Rubió-Massegú, J., Rossell, J.M., Karimi, H.R.: Design of inerter-based multi-actuator systems for vibration control of adjacent structures. J. Franklin Inst. 356, 7785–7809 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2019.03.010
Shravanth Vasisht, M., Vashista, G.A., Srinivasan, J., Ramasesha, S.K.: Rail coaches with rooftop solar photovoltaic systems: a feasibility study. Energy 118, 684–691 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.10.103
Acknowledgements
The research funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Programme of Development within the Priority-2030 Programme) is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Saurav, K., Avesh, M., Sharma, R.C., Hossain, I. (2023). Deploying Machine Learning Algorithms for Predictive Maintenance of High-Value Assets of Indian Railways. In: Sharma, S.K., Upadhyay, R.K., Kumar, V., Valera, H. (eds) Transportation Energy and Dynamics. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2150-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2150-8_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-2149-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-2150-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)