Abstract
The dynamic properties of subsoil such as Shear modulus (G), S-wave velocity (Vs), P-wave velocity (Vp), and Poisson’s ratio (ν) help us to understand the response of a site under dynamic and seismic loading. These properties are determined using geophysical and laboratory testing methods. Geophysical methods can be Invasive methods which use a borehole to conduct tests such as Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Crosshole (CH), Downhole (DH), Dilatometer (DT), and Seismic Cone Penetration Test (SCPT), or Non-invasive methods which consist of surface tests that do not require a borehole, like Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW), Seismic Refraction, Microtremor HVSR (MHVSR), and Electrical Resistivity Survey (ERT). Often because of the ambiguity associated with the profiles obtained from surface methods, a need to compare them with borehole-based methods arises. In this study MASW, MHVSR, DH, and CH tests are performed at the same location in Chennai, Tamil Nadu to estimate Vs profile up to the depth of 40 m. These test results are then correlated with the borelog obtained during SPT. It is observed that Vs profiles obtained from different geophysical tests are not similar and vary in their prediction of soil stiffness and bedrock depth. The Vs profiles obtained from CH, DH, and MASW, are similar up to the depth of 18, beyond which the CH and DH results show an increase in Vs. Interestingly, 18 m is the depth where weathered rock occurs in the borelog. However, the MASW Vs profile does not capture the velocity contrast. The MHVSR method shows a fundamental frequency of 3.0 Hz which also agrees with the fundamental frequency obtained from the MASW method. However, MASW is not able to differentiate between soft and hard rock present in this area and underpredicts the bedrock depth. The difference might be because of the more global spread of the MASW test, whereas CH and DH tests are localized around the borehole.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Chandran, D., Anbazhagan, P.: Subsurface profiling using integrated geophysical methods for 2D site response analysis in Bangalore city, India: a new approach. J. Geophys. Eng. 17, 1300–1314 (2017)
Mundepi, A.K., Lindholm, C., Kamal.: Soft soil map** using horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) for seismic hazard assessment of Chandigarh city in foothills, North India. J. Geophys. Soc. India 74, 551–558 (2009)
Anbazhagan, P., Ayush, K., Sagar, I., Kamalhassan, Lenin, K.R.: Shear wave velocity measurement from different approaches and its effects on seismic site classification. In: Online Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization Toward Synergy at Site Characterisation September 26–29, 2021 at Budapest, Hungary. Paper ID: ISC2020-207n (2021)
Kumar, A., Anbazhagan, P., Kumar, R., Lenin, K.R.: Study of shallow soil deposit in east coast of India by SPT, MASW and crosshole tests. In: Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference, 16th–18th December, NIT Tiruchirappalli (2021)
Ballukraya, P.N., Ravi, R.: Hydrology of Madras city aquifers. J. Geol. Soc. India 45, 87–96 (1995)
Nakamura, Y.: A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremor on ground surface. QR Railway Tech. Res. Inst. 30, 25–33 (1989)
Bonnefoy-Claudet, S., Cotton, F., Bard, P.Y.: The nature of noise wavefield and its applications for site effects studies. A literature review. Earth Sci. Rev. 79, 205–227 (2006)
Dinesh, B.V., Nair, G.J., Prasad, A.G.V., Nakkeeran, P.V., Radhakrisha, M.C.: Estimation of sedimentary layer shear wave velocity using micro-tremor H/V ratio measurements for Bangalore city. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 30, 1377–1382 (2010)
Sant, D.A., Pravez, I.A., Rangarajan, G., Patel, S.J., Bhatt, M.N., Sanoop Salam T.A.: Subsurface profiling along Banni plains and bounding faults, Kachchh, Western India using microtremors method. J. Asian Earth Sci. 146, 326–336 (2017)
Anbazhagan, P., Boobalan, J.A., Shaivan, H.S.: Establishing empirical correlation between sediment thickness and resonant frequency using HVSR for the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Curr. Sci. 117(9), 1482–1491 (2019)
SESAME guideline for the implementation of the H/V spectral ratio technique on ambient vibrations: measurements, processing and interpretation. In: SESAME European Research Project, WP12, pp. 1–62 (2004)
Park, C.B., Miller, R.D., **a, J.: Multichannel analysis of surface waves. Geophysics 64(3), 800–808 (1999)
Park, C.B., Miller, R.D., **a, J.: Offset and resolution of dispersion curve in multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). In: Proceedings of the SAGEEP 2001, Denver, Colo-rado, SSM4 (2001)
Anbazhagan, P., Vinod, J.S., Sitharam, T.G.: Evaluation of seismic hazard parameters for Bangalore region in South India. Disaster Adv. 3, 5–13 (2010)
Park Seismic LLC.: User Manual ParkSEIS, Retrieved from https://www.parkseismic.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/User_Manual_ParkSEIS_20.pdf (2021)
IS 13372-Part 2: code of practice for seismic testing of rock mass, Part 2: between the borehole, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi (1992)
ASTM D4428/D4428M: Standard Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Testing, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2014). www.astm.org
IS 13372-Part 1: code of practice for seismic testing of rock mass, Part 1: within A borehole, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi (1992)
Sukumaran, P., Pravez, I.A., Sant, D.A., Rangarajan, G., Krishan, K.: Profiling of late tertiary–early quaternary surface in the lower reaches of Narmada valley using microtremors. J. Asian Earth Sci. 41, 325–334 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Additional information
Maps Disclaimer: The presentation of material and details in maps used in this chapter does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Publishers or Author concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its borders. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps and included in lists, tables, documents, and databases in this chapter are not warranted to be error free nor do they necessarily imply official endorsement or acceptance by the Publisher or Author.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kumar, R., Anbazhagan, P., Kumar, A. (2023). Importance of Multiple Geophysical Tests for Effective Subsurface Profiling. In: Shrikhande, M., Agarwal, P., Kumar, P.C.A. (eds) Proceedings of 17th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering (Vol. 3). SEE 2022. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 331. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1579-8_49
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1579-8_49
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-1578-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-1579-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)