Abstract
The human microbiome builds a multifaceted and dynamic ecosystem with the body that shapes the metabolic as well as immunological behavior of human beings. Over the past decades, our knowledge of the human microbiome suggests that various genetic as well as environmental factors affect the human microbiota and their interaction with the host dictates overall human health. Recent studies have associated nutrition, lifestyle, and physiological variables with human health and affirmed that establishing favorable interactions between the host and its concomitant microbiota is crucial for human health. In this chapter, we discuss the various factors that affect the overall human microbiota and debate the effect of lifestyle, diet, and physiological factors on the gut microbiome. Here, we explain how microbiome health affects human physiology and metabolism and debate the impact of microbiota on lifestyle disorders, mainly diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Next, we talk about the current and future emergence of obesity and diabetes and probable solutions to avoid these anomalies. Here, we highlight the crosstalk between the oral and gut microbiome and discuss the probable treatment of obesity and diabetes by healing the microbiome. In the last section of the review, we also discuss the effect of the microbiome on stress-related disorders and birth-related problems such as premature deliveries and low birth weight. Overall, this chapter outlines a detailed explanation of lifestyle-related disorders, their impact, and possible solutions to these lifestyle-related problems, which in turn is vital for a planned and successful treatment of these disorders.
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Abbreviations
- 5-HT:
-
Serotonin
- AhR:
-
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- ChAT:
-
Choline acetyltransferase
- DC:
-
Dendritic cell
- GLP-1:
-
Glucagon-like peptide-1
- GPCRs:
-
G protein-coupled receptors
- HDAC:
-
Histone deacetylase
- ILC3:
-
Innate lymphoid cell-3
- SAA:
-
Serum amyloid-A
- SCFAs:
-
Short-chain fatty acids
- Th:
-
T-helper cell
- Treg:
-
Regulatory T cell
- TRP:
-
Tryptophan
- PTB:
-
Preterm birth
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AG thanks the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center for the fellowship.
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Gupta, A., Jha, A. (2023). Human Microbiome and Lifestyle Disorders. In: Kothari, V., Kumar, P., Ray, S. (eds) Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1463-0_10
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