Stem Cells Application in Eye Regeneration and Restoration of Vision

Mahla, Ranjeet Singh; Mukherjee, Ananda Kishore; Amin, Sakina; Jainarayanan, Ashwin; Mouroug-Anand, Nithishwer; Nandakumar, Ashwin; Prasad, Abhinandan Deva

doi:10.1007/978-981-99-0846-2_65-1

Ranjeet Singh Mahla²,
Ananda Kishore Mukherjee²,
Sakina Amin³,
Ashwin Jainarayanan²,
Nithishwer Mouroug-Anand³,
Ashwin Nandakumar⁴ &
…
Abhinandan Deva Prasad²

Abstract

Eye tissues mostly comprise terminally differentiated cells or limited sets of stem cells with little potential for differentiation and regeneration. Eye damage in humans is irreversible, and eye transplantation is not the most feasible option to restore eyesight for individuals who have lost vision from various underlying causes of tissue damage, autoimmunity, and genetic anomalies. In most cases, vision loss arises from partial damage to eye tissue. Stem cell transplantation and eye tissue genesis have emerged as tools to correct specific damage and can be an ideal therapeutic approach to restoring vision and repairing damaged tissues. Interestingly, iPSCs, ESCs, MSCs, and lab-grown tissue organoids can pave the foundation for the restoration of vision among individuals with inherited rare genetic disorders and those who succumbed to accidental vision loss arising from the damaged cornea, lens, retina, retinal pigmental epithelia, and optic nerves. Overcoming regulatory compliances, soon lab-grown organoids, and technological advances for growing eye cells in mass potentiate the idea of stem cell–guided therapeutics for accidental and hereditary blindness.

RSM conceived the idea and wrote the chapter. AM, SA, AJ, NMA, AN, and ADP participated in the discussion and wrote the chapter.

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Abbreviations

AMD:: Age-related macular degeneration
ANGPTL4:: Angiopoietin-like 4
AS:: Ankylosing spondylitis
BM_MSCs:: Bone marrow–derived MSCs
CD:: Crohn’s disease
CNS:: Central nervous system
DME:: Diabetic macular edema
ERG:: Electroretinography
ESCs:: Embryonic stem cells
iPSC:: Induced pluripotent stem cell
iPSCs:: Induced pluripotent stem cells
M.08:: Near visual acuity measurement
MSCs:: Mesenchymal stem cells
N6:: Near visual acuity at 40 cm
NPDR:: Nonproliferative diabetes related retinopathy
OCT:: Optical coherence tomography
OKR:: Optokinetic response
PDR:: Proliferative diabetes related retinopathy
POU4F2:: POU Class 4 Homeobox 2
RGCs:: Retinal ganglion cells
RP:: Retinitis pigmentosa
RPE:: Retinal pigment epithelium
SIX6:: SIX Homeobox 6
UC:: Ulcerative colitis
VEGF:: Vascular endothelial growth factor
VIP:: Vasoactive intestinal peptide
XLRP:: X-linked retinitis pigmentosa

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Acknowledgments

RSM is an Oxford BMS Fellow. SA is funded by the Clarendon scholarship, St John’s College, and AJ is funded by the Clarendon scholarship and Exeter College, University of Oxford. NMA is funded by the Industrial Cooperative Award in Science and Engineering (ICASE) training grant in collaboration with Vertex Pharmaceuticals and the Reuben Foundation. The figure illustrations were created using Biorender.com. There is no funding source involved in this work.

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The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Ranjeet Singh Mahla, Ananda Kishore Mukherjee, Ashwin Jainarayanan & Abhinandan Deva Prasad
Department of Biochemistry, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Sakina Amin & Nithishwer Mouroug-Anand
Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Ashwin Nandakumar

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Ranjeet Singh Mahla
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Ananda Kishore Mukherjee
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Sakina Amin
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Ashwin Jainarayanan
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Nithishwer Mouroug-Anand
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Ashwin Nandakumar
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Abhinandan Deva Prasad
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Correspondence to Ranjeet Singh Mahla .

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Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman Alrajhi University, AlQaseem, Saudi Arabia
Khawaja H. Haider

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Mahla, R.S. et al. (2023). Stem Cells Application in Eye Regeneration and Restoration of Vision. In: Haider, K.H. (eds) Handbook of Stem Cell Applications. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0846-2_65-1

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0846-2_65-1
Received: 12 May 2023
Accepted: 13 May 2023
Published: 05 August 2023
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-0846-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-0846-2
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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