Abstract
Energy security is a major concern for economic strength worldwide because of fossil resource depletion and rising costs. The synthesis of biohydrogen from cyanobacteria is a viable alternative clean and renewable energy source with significant viable potential. Cyanobacteria are highly relevant and valuable as prospective hydrogen producers because they produce hydrogen from water due to solar energy conversion. Furthermore, cyanobacteria have high photosynthetic efficiency and produce a large amount of biomass, which is used as a fourth-generation feedstock to produce biohydrogen. The yield of cyanobacterial biohydrogen has been improved in various ways with limited information in a systematic way. That’s why the current state of research in the field of cyanobacterial hydrogen production enhancement is discussed with earlier published reports in this chapter. The major aim of this chapter is to discuss cyanobacterial hydrogen production, characteristics and roles of nitrogenase and hydrogenase enzymes concerned with hydrogen production, the various mechanisms of hydrogen production, recent metabolic pathway developments, modern photobioreactor efficiency, new cyanobacterial molecular genetic engineering and synthetic cyanobacterial biology. Finally, the major limitations to more efficient cyanobacterial hydrogen production and improvements for future commercialisation are also discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anwar M, Lou S, Chen L, Li H, Hu Z (2019) Recent advancement and strategy on bio-hydrogen production from photosynthetic microalgae. Bioresour Technol 292:121972
Aryal UK, Callister SJ, Mishra S, Zhang X, Shutthanandan JI, Angel TE, Sherman L (2013) Proteome analyses of strains ATCC 51142 and PCC 7822 of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. under culture conditions resulting in enhanced H2 production. Appl Environ Microbiol 79:1070–1077
Azwar MY, Hussain MA, Abdul-Wahab AK (2014) Development of biohydrogen production by photobiological, fermentation and electrochemical processes: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 31:158–173
Baebprasert W, Jantaro S, Khetkorn W, Lindblad P, Incharoensakdi A (2011) Increased H2 production in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 by redirecting the electron supply via genetic engineering of the nitrate assimilation pathway. Metab Eng 13:610–616
Bandyopadhyay A, Stöckel J, Min H, Sherman LA, Pakrasi HB (2010) High rates of photobiological H2 production by a cyanobacterium under aerobic conditions. Nat Commun 1:1–7
Batista AP, Gouveia L, Marques PA (2018) Fermentative hydrogen production from microalgal biomass by a single strain of bacterium Enterobacter aerogenes–effect of operational conditions and fermentation kinetics. Renew Energy 119:203–209
Bolatkhan K, Kossalbayev BD, Zayadan BK, Tomo T, Veziroglu TN, Allakhverdiev SI (2019) Hydrogen production from phototrophic microorganisms: reality and perspectives. Int J Hydrog Energy 44:5799–5811
Bothe H, Schmitz O, Yates MG, Newton WE (2010) Nitrogen fixation and hydrogen metabolism in cyanobacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 74:529–551
Britt RD, Rao G, Tao L (2020) Biosynthesis of the catalytic H-cluster of [FeFe] hydrogenase: the roles of the Fe–S maturase proteins HydE, HydF, and HydG. Chem Sci 11:10313–10323
Bundhoo MZ, Mohee R (2016) Inhibition of dark fermentative bio-hydrogen production: a review. Int J Hydrog Energy 41:6713–6733
Chatzitakis A, Nikolakaki E, Sotiropoulos S, Poulios I (2013) Hydrogen production using an algae photoelectrochemical cell. Appl Catal B Environ 142:161–168
Chu S, Majumdar A (2012) Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future. Nature 488:294–303
Cournac L, Guedeney G, Peltier G, Vignais PM (2004) Sustained photoevolution of molecular hydrogen in a mutant of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 deficient in the type I NADPH-dehydrogenase complex. J Bacteriol Res 186:1737–1746
Das D, Khanna N, Dasgupta CN (2014) Biohydrogen production: fundamentals and technology advances. CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton
Dasgupta CN, Gilbert JJ, Lindblad P, Heidorn T, Borgvang SA, Skjanes K, Das D (2010) Recent trends on the development of photobiological processes and photobioreactors for the improvement of hydrogen production. Int J Hydrog Energy 35:10218–10238
Deviram G, Mathimani T, Anto S, Ahamed TS, Ananth DA, Pugazhendhi A (2020) Applications of microalgal and cyanobacterial biomass on a way to safe, cleaner and a sustainable environment. J Clean Prod 253:119770
Dutta D, De D, Chaudhuri S, Bhattacharya SK (2005) Hydrogen production by cyanobacteria. Microb Cell Factories 4:1–11
Ekman M, Ow SY, Holmqvist M, Zhang X, van Wagenen J, Wright PC, Stensjo K (2011) Metabolic adaptations in a H2 producing heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium: potentials and implications for biological engineering. J Proteome Res 10:1772–1784
Elbeshbishy E, Dhar BR, Nakhla G, Lee HS (2017) Critical review on inhibition of dark biohydrogen fermentation. Renew Sust Energ Rev 79:656–668
Ermakova M, Battchikova N, Richaud P, Leino H, Kosourov S, Isojärvi J, Aro EM (2014) Heterocyst-specific flavodiiron protein Flv3B enables oxic diazotrophic growth of the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Proc Natl Acad Sci 111:11205–11210
Eroglu E, Melis A (2011) Photobiological hydrogen production: recent advances and state of the art. Bioresour Technol 102:8403–8413
Eroglu E, Melis A (2016) Microalgal hydrogen production research. Int J Hydrog Energy 41:12772–12798
Fedorov AS, Tsygankov AA, Rao KK, Hall DO (2001) Anabaena variabilis production of hydrogen by an mutant in a photobioreactor under aerobic outdoor conditions. In: Biohydrogen II. Pergamon, Amsterdam, pp 223–228
Geada P, Vasconcelos V, Vicente A, Fernandes B (2017) Microalgal biomass cultivation. In: Rastogi RP, Madamwar D, Pandey A (eds) Algal green chemistry recent progress in biotechnology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 257–284
Ghirardi ML, Dubini A, Yu J, Maness PC (2009) Photobiological hydrogen-producing systems. Chem Soc Rev 38:52–61
Ghirardi ML, Posewitz MC, Maness PC, Dubini A, Yu J, Seibert M (2007) Hydrogenases and hydrogen photoproduction in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58:71–91
Ghirardi ML, Zhang L, Lee JW, Flynn T, Seibert M, Greenbaum E, Melis A (2000) Microalgae: a green source of renewable H2. Trends Biotechnol 18:506–511
Hallenbeck PC (2005) Fundamentals of the fermentative production of hydrogen. Water Sci Technol 52:21–29
Hankamer B, Lehr F, Rupprecht J, Mussgnug JH, Posten C, Kruse O (2007) Photosynthetic biomass and H2 production by green algae: from bioengineering to bioreactor scale-up. Physiol Plant 131:10–21
Horiuchi JI, Kikuchi S, Kobayashi M, Kanno T, Shimizu T (2001) Modeling of pH response in continuous anaerobic acidogenesis by an artificial neural network. Biochem Eng J 9:199–204
Hosseini SE, Wahid MA (2016) Hydrogen production from renewable and sustainable energy resources: promising green energy carrier for clean development. Renew Sust Energ Rev 57:850–866
Jeffries TW, Timourian H, Ward RL (1978) Hydrogen production by Anabaena cylindrica: effects of varying ammonium and ferric ions, pH, and light. Appl Environ Microbiol 35:704–710
Kars G, GĂ¼ndĂ¼z U, Rakhely G, YĂ¼cel M, EroÄŸlu Ä°, Kovacs KL (2008) Improved hydrogen production by uptake hydrogenase deficient mutant strain of Rhodobacter sphaeroides OU 001. Int J Hydrog Energy 33:3056–3060
Kaushik MS, Srivastava M, Singh A, Mishra AK (2017) NtcA transcriptional factor: a global nitrogen regulator and connecting link between nitrogen metabolism and other crucial metabolisms. In: Plant and microbes in ever changing environment. Nova Science, Hauppauge, pp 101–127
Khetkorn W, Rastogi RP, Incharoensakdi A, Lindblad P, Madamwar D, Pandey A, Larroche C (2017) Microalgal hydrogen production–a review. Bioresour Technol 243:1194–1206
Kleinhaus JT, Wittkamp F, Yadav S, Siegmund D, Apfel UP (2021) [FeFe]-Hydrogenases: maturation and reactivity of enzymatic systems and overview of biomimetic models. Chem Soc Rev 50:1668–1784
Kosourov S, Leino H, Murukesan G, Lynch F, Sivonen K, Tsygankov AA, Allahverdiyeva Y (2014) Hydrogen photoproduction by immobilized N2-fixing cyanobacteria: understanding the role of the uptake hydrogenase in the long-term process. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:5807–5817
Kosourov S, Murukesan G, Seibert M, Allahverdiyeva Y (2017) Evaluation of light energy to H2 energy conversion efficiency in thin films of cyanobacteria and green alga under photoautotrophic conditions. Algal Res 28:253–263
Kourpa K, Manarolaki E, Lyratzakis A, Strataki V, Rupprecht F, Langer JD, Tsiotis G (2019) Proteome analysis of enriched heterocysts from two hydrogenase mutants from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Proteomics 19:1800332
Kroumov AD, Scheufele FB, Trigueros DEG, Modenes AN, Zaharieva M, Najdenski H (2017) Modeling and technoeconomic analysis of algae for bioenergy and coproducts. In: Algal green chemistry. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 201–241
Kumar GR, Chowdhary N (2016) Biotechnological and bioinformatics approaches for augmentation of biohydrogen production: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 56:1194–1206
Kumar GS, Kumari S, Reddy K, Bux F (2013) Trends in biohydrogen production: major challenges and state-of-the-art developments. Environ Technol 34:1653–1670
Kumar P, Pant DC, Mehariya S, Sharma R, Kansal A, Kalia VC (2014) Ecobiotechnological strategy to enhance efficiency of bioconversion of wastes into hydrogen and methane. Indian J Microbiol 54:262–267
Kumazawa T, Sato S, Kanenari D, Kunimatsu A, Hirose R, Matsuba S, Onodera JI (1994) Precursor of carthamin, a constituent of safflower. Chem Lett 23:2343–2344
Land H, Senger M, Berggren G, Stripp ST (2020) Current state of [FeFe]-hydrogenase research: biodiversity and spectroscopic investigations. ACS Catal 10:7069–7086
Levin DB, Pitt L, Love M (2004) Biohydrogen production: prospects and limitations to practical application. Int J Hydrog Energy 29:173–185
Lindberg P, Devine E, Stensjö K, Lindblad P (2012) HupW protease specifically required for processing of the catalytic subunit of the uptake hydrogenase in the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120. Appl Environ Microbiol 78:273–276
Lindblad P (2018) Hydrogen production using novel photosynthetic cell factories. Cyanobacterial hydrogen production: design of efficient organisms. In: Microalgal hydrogen production: achievements and perspectives. The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, pp 323–334
Lukajtis R, Hołowacz I, Kucharska K, Glinka M, Rybarczyk P, Przyjazny A, Kamiński M (2018) Hydrogen production from biomass using dark fermentation. Renew Sust Energ Rev 91:665–694
Majidian P, Tabatabaei M, Zeinolabedini M, Naghshbandi MP, Chisti Y (2018) Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for biofuel production. Renew Sust Energ Rev 82:3863–3885
Malatinszky D, Steuer R, Jones PR (2017) A comprehensively curated genome-scale two-cell model for the heterocystous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Plant Physiol 173:509–523
Malek Shahkouhi A, Motamedian E (2020) Reconstruction of a regulated two-cell metabolic model to study biohydrogen production in a diazotrophic cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. PLoS One 15:0227977
Manish S, Banerjee R (2008) Comparison of biohydrogen production processes. Int J Hydrog Energy 33:279–286
MirĂ³n AS, Gomez AC, Camacho FG, Grima EM, Chisti Y (1999) Comparative evaluation of compact photobioreactors for large-scale monoculture of microalgae. In: Progress in industrial microbiology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 249–270
Mona S, Kumar SS, Kumar V, Parveen K, Saini N, Deepak B, Pugazhendhi A (2020) Green technology for sustainable biohydrogen production (waste to energy): a review. Sci Total Environ 728:138481
Mostafaeipour A, Khayyami M, Sedaghat A, Mohammadi K, Shamshirband S, Sehati MA, Gorakifard E (2016) Evaluating the wind energy potential for hydrogen production: a case study. Int J Hydrog Energy 41:6200–6210
Nagarajan D, Lee DJ, Kondo A, Chang JS (2017) Recent insights into biohydrogen production by microalgae–from biophotolysis to dark fermentation. Bioresour Technol 227:373–387
Nyberg M, Heidorn T, Lindblad P (2015) Hydrogen production by the engineered cyanobacterial strain Nostoc PCC 7120 ΔhupW examined in a flat panel photobioreactor system. J Biotechnol 215:35–43
Oey M, Sawyer AL, Ross IL, Hankamer B (2016) Challenges and opportunities for hydrogen production from microalgae. Plant Biotechnol J 14:1487–1499
Oncel S, Kose A (2014) Comparison of tubular and panel type photobioreactors for biohydrogen production utilizing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii considering mixing time and light intensity. Bioresour Technol 151:265–270
Pansook S, Incharoensakdi A, Phunpruch S (2019) Effects of the photosystem II inhibitors CCCP and DCMU on hydrogen production by the unicellular halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica. Sci World J 2019:1030236
Pohorelic BK, Voordouw JK, Lojou E, Dolla A, Harder J, Voordouw G (2002) Effects of deletion of genes encoding Fe-only hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough on hydrogen and lactate metabolism. J Bacteriol 184:679–686
Posewitz MC, King PW, Smolinski SL, Zhang L, Seibert M, Ghirardi ML (2004) Discovery of two novel radical S-adenosylmethionine proteins required for the assembly of an active [Fe] hydrogenase. J Biol Chem 279:25711–25720
Poudyal RS, Tiwari I, Koirala AR, Masukawa H, Inoue K, Tomo T, Veziroğlu TN (2015) Hydrogen production using photobiological methods. In: Compendium of hydrogen energy. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, pp 289–317
Puggioni V, Tempel S, Latifi A (2016) Distribution of hydrogenases in cyanobacteria: a phylum-wide genomic survey. Front Genet 7:223
Rashid N, Rehman MSU, Memon S, Rahman ZU, Lee K, Han JI (2013) Current status, barriers and developments in biohydrogen production by microalgae. Renew Sust Energ Rev 22:571–579
Razu MH, Hossain F, Khan M (2019) Advancement of bio-hydrogen production from microalgae. In: Microalgae biotechnology for development of biofuel and wastewater treatment. Springer, Singapore, pp 423–462
Roumezi B, Avilan L, Risoul V, Brugna M, Rabouille S, Latifi A (2020) Overproduction of the Flv3B flavodiiron, enhances the photobiological hydrogen production by the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC 7120. Microb Cell Factories 19:1–10
Rumpel S, Siebel JF, Farès C, Duan J, Reijerse E, Happe T, Winkler M (2014) Enhancing hydrogen production of microalgae by redirecting electrons from photosystem I to hydrogenase. Energy Environ Sci 7:3296–3301
Sadler NC, Bernstein HC, Melnicki MR, Charania MA, Hill EA, Anderson LN, Wright AT (2016) Dinitrogenase-driven photobiological hydrogen production combats oxidative stress in Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142. Appl Environ Microbiol 82:7227–7235
Sadvakasova AK, Kossalbayev BD, Zayadan BK, Bolatkhan K, Alwasel S, Najafpour MM, Allakhverdiev SI (2020) Bioprocesses of hydrogen production by cyanobacteria cells and possible ways to increase their productivity. Renew Sust Energ Rev 133:110054
Saratale GD, Kshirsagar SD, Saratale RG, Govindwar SP, Oh MK (2015) Fermentative hydrogen production using sorghum husk as a biomass feedstock and process optimization. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 20:733–743
Schipper K, Al Muraikhi M, Alghasal GSH, Saadaoui I, Bounnit T, Rasheed R, Barbosa MJ (2019) Potential of novel desert microalgae and cyanobacteria for commercial applications and CO2 sequestration. J Appl Phycol 31:2231–2243
Seefeldt LC, Hoffman BM, Dean DR (2009) Mechanism of Mo-dependent nitrogenase. Annu Rev Biochem 78:701–722
Sekoai PT, Ouma CNM, Du Preez SP, Modisha P, Engelbrecht N, Bessarabov DG, Ghimire A (2019) Application of nanoparticles in biofuels: an overview. Fuel 237:380–397
Sevda S, Bhattacharya S, Reesh IMA, Bhuvanesh S, Sreekrishnan TR (2017) Challenges in the design and operation of an efficient photobioreactor for microalgae cultivation and hydrogen production. In: Biohydrogen production: sustainability of current technology and future perspective. Springer, New Delhi, pp 147–162
Sharma A, Arya SK (2017) Hydrogen from algal biomass: a review of production process. Biotechnol Rep 15:63–69
Shobana S, Kumar G, Bakonyi P, Saratale GD, NemestĂ³thy N, BĂ©lafi-BakĂ³ K, Chang JS (2017) A review on the biomass pretreatment and inhibitor removal methods as key-steps towards efficient macroalgae-based biohydrogen production. Bioresour Technol 244:1341–1348
Show KY, Yan Y, Zong C, Guo N, Chang JS, Lee DJ (2019) State of the art and challenges of biohydrogen from microalgae. Bioresour Technol 289:121747
da Silva Veras T, Mozer TS, da Silva CA (2017) Hydrogen: trends, production and characterization of the main process worldwide. Int J Hydrog Energy 42:2018–2033
SkjĂ¥nes K, Andersen U, Heidorn T, Borgvang SA (2016) Design and construction of a photobioreactor for hydrogen production, including status in the field. J Appl Phycol 28:2205–2223
Srivastava N, Srivastava M, Kushwaha D, Gupta VK, Manikanta A, Ramteke PW, Mishra PK (2017) Efficient dark fermentative hydrogen production from enzyme hydrolyzed rice straw by Clostridium pasteurianum (MTCC116). Bioresour Technol 238:552–558
Stripp ST, Goldet G, Brandmayr C, Sanganas O, Vincent KA, Haumann M, Happe T (2009) How oxygen attacks [FeFe] hydrogenases from photosynthetic organisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106:17331–17336
Sveshnikov DA, Sveshnikova NV, Rao KK, Hall DO (1997) Hydrogen metabolism of mutant forms of Anabaena variabilis in continuous cultures and under nutritional stress. FEMS Microbiol Lett 147:297–301
Torimura M, Miki A, Wadano A, Kano K, Ikeda T (2001) Electrochemical investigation of cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. PCC7942-catalyzed photoreduction of exogenous quinones and photoelectrochemical oxidation of water. J Electroanal Chem 496:21–28
Tredici MR, Zittelli GC (1998) Efficiency of sunlight utilization: tubular versus flat photobioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 57:187–197
Troshina O, Serebryakova L, Sheremetieva M, Lindblad P (2002) Production of H2 by the unicellular cyanobacterium Gloeocapsa alpicola CALU 743 during fermentation. Int J Hydrog Energy 27:1283–1289
Unni JK, Govindappa P, Das LM (2017) Development of hydrogen fuelled transport engine and field tests on vehicles. Int J Hydrog Energy 42:643–651
Vargas SR, dos Santos PV, Zaiat M, do Carmo Calijuri M (2018) Optimization of biomass and hydrogen production by Anabaena sp. (UTEX 1448) in nitrogen-deprived cultures. Biomass Bioenergy 111:70–76
Voloshin RA, Rodionova MV, Zharmukhamedov SK, Veziroglu TN, Allakhverdiev SI (2016) Biofuel production from plant and algal biomass. Int J Hydrog Energy 41:17257–17273
Wang Y, Yang H, Zhang X, Han F, Tu W, Yang W (2020) Microalgal hydrogen production. Small Methods 4:1900514
Wegelius A, Khanna N, Esmieu C, Barone GD, Pinto F, Tamagnini P, Lindblad P (2018) Generation of a functional, semisynthetic [FeFe]-hydrogenase in a photosynthetic microorganism. Energy Environ Sci 11:3163–3167
Wittenberg G, Sheffler W, Darchi D, Baker D, Noy D (2013) Accelerated electron transport from photosystem I to redox partners by covalently linked ferredoxin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15:19608–19614
Wutthithien P, Lindblad P, Incharoensakdi A (2019) Improvement of photobiological hydrogen production by suspended and immobilized cells of the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Fischerella muscicola TISTR 8215. J Appl Phycol 31:3527–3536
Xu Q, Yooseph S, Smith HO, Venter JC (2005) Development of a novel recombinant cyanobacterial system for hydrogen production from water. In: Contractor-grantee workshop III, p 63
Yin Y, Wang J (2018) Pretreatment of macroalgal Laminaria japonica by combined microwave-acid method for biohydrogen production. Bioresour Technol 268:52–59
Zebda A, Alcaraz JP, Vadgama P, Shleev S, Minteer SD, Boucher F, Martin DK (2018) Challenges for successful implantation of biofuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry 124:57–72
Zhang Y, Yang H, Guo L (2016) Enhancing photo-fermentative hydrogen production performance of Rhodobacter capsulatus by disrupting methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene. Int J Hydrog Energy 41:190–197
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Head, Department of Botany Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, and DST-FIST for providing the necessary research facilities. The University Grants Commission, Government of India, New Delhi, is also acknowledged for providing Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) and ISLS, ISC, BHU, for financial assistance.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Singh, R.P., Yadav, P., Kumar, I., Kumar, A., Gupta, R.K. (2023). Bioprospecting and Mechanisms of Cyanobacterial Hydrogen Production and Recent Development for Its Enhancement as a Clean Energy. In: Neilan, B., Passarini, M.R.Z., Singh, P.K., Kumar, A. (eds) Cyanobacterial Biotechnology in the 21st Century. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0181-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0181-4_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-0180-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-0181-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)