Abstract
In this chapter, composites are macroscopic-scale materials created by the fusion of two or more materials with various chemical, physical, and morphological components. These materials acquire certain brand-new or enhanced mechanical, chemical, physical, and other properties that are unrelated to those of their constituent parts. To meet some unique uses, these composite materials are created and synthesized. Biodegradable polymers have been the subject of substantial investigation by polymer scientists, and they offer a wide range of potential uses in the field of medicine. Different biopolymers have been created and used in a variety of biomedical applications nowadays. The science and technology of biopolymers are still in their infancy of development, despite the apparent explosion of biopolymers in medical science. Through diligent study and development, there are tremendous prospects for biopolymers to permeate every aspect of medical science. To prepare biopolymers, various polymerization methods and techniques are discussed in this chapter. The focus is on the fundamental characteristics, the synthesis methods, and the biomedical uses of biopolymers. Different processing procedures used for the production of devices have been addressed to produce practical biomedical devices from polymers to suit medical science's requirements. The main focus of this review is on the benefits of polymeric materials-based composite over other traditional materials and how they are used in the biomedical area. Additionally, viewpoints in this area have been highlighted, and conclusions have been drawn. The pertinent literature was gathered from a variety of sources, including books, websites, journal papers, review articles, and Google sites.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Jeon, I.Y., Baek, J.B.: Nanocomposites derived from polymers and inorganic nanoparticles. Materials 3, 3654–3674 (2010)
Oladele, I.O., Adelani, S.O., Ganiu Agbabiaka, O., Hope Adegun, M.: Applications and disposal of polymers and polymer composites: a review. Eur. J. Adv. Eng. Technol. 9, 65–89 (2022)
Meysam, T., Nuruldiyanah, K., Zahra, D.E., Yee, L., Ashen, G., Chandima, G.: Conventional and advanced composites in aerospace industry: technologies revisited. Am. J. Aerosp. Eng. 5, 9–15 (2018)
De, S.K., White, J.R.: Short Fiber-Polymer Composites. Woodhead, Cambridge, UK (1996)
Atmakuri, A., Palevicius, A., Vilkauskas, A., Janusas, G.: Review of hybrid fibre-based composites with nanoparticles-Material properties and application. Polymers 12, 2088–2118 (2020)
Aldousiri, B., Shalwan, A., Chin, C.W.: A review on tribological behaviour of polymeric composites and future reinforcements. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2013, 1–8 (2013)
Mustafa, N.S., Omer, M.A., Garlnabi, E.M., Ismail, H.M.: Reviewing of general polymer types, properties and application in medical field. Int. J. Sc. Res. 5, 212–221 (2016)
Kmetty, A., Bárány, T., Karger-Kocsis, J.: Self-reinforced polymeric materials: a review. Prog. Polym. Sci. 35, 1288–1310 (2010)
Thori, P., Sharma, P., Bhargava, M.: An approach of composite materials in industrial machinery: advantages, disadvantages and applications. Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol. 2, 350–355 (2013)
Ali, N., Zhang, B., Zhang, H., Zaman, W., Li, W., Zhang, Q.: Key synthesis of magnetic Janus nanoparticles using a modified facile method. Particuology 17, 59–65 (2014)
Kessler, M.R.: Polymer matrix composites: a perspective for a special issue of polymer reviews. Polym. Rev. 52, 229–233 (2012)
Masoud, E.M., Liu, L., Peng, B.: Synthesis, characterization, and applications of polymer nanocomposites. J. Nanomater. 2020, 1–2 (2020)
Saeed, K., Khan, I., Ahmad, Z., Khan, B.: Preparation, analyses and application of cobalt-manganese oxides/nylon 6,6 nanocomposites. Polym. Bull. 75, 4657–4669 (2018)
Schmidt, G., Malwitz, M.M.: Properties of polymer–nanoparticle composites. Curr Opin Colloid Interf. Sci. 8, 103–108 (2003)
Ali, N., Zhang, B., Zhang, H., Zaman, W., Li, X., Li, W., et al.: Interfacially active and magnetically responsive composite nanoparticles with raspberry like structure; synthesis and its applications for heavy crude oil/water separation. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem Eng. Asp 472, 38–49 (2015)
Hanemann, T., Szabo, D.V.: Polymer–nanoparticle composites: from synthesis to modern applications. Materials 3, 3468–3517 (2010)
Wang, R., Zheng, S., Zheng, Y.P.: Polymer Matrix Composites and Technology, 1st edn. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK (2011)
Yan, L.T., **e, X.M.: Computational modelling and simulation of nanoparticle self-assembly in polymeric systems: structures, properties and external field effects. Prog. Polym. Sci. 38, 369–405 (2013)
Rehab, A., Salahuddin, N.: Nanocomposite materials based on polyurethane intercalated into montmorillonite clay. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 399, 368–376 (2005)
Tanahashi, M.: Development of fabrication methods of filler/polymer nanocomposites: with focus on simple melt-compounding-based approach without surface modification of nanofillers. Materials 3, 1593–1619 (2010)
Parameswaran Pillai, J., Kurian, H. N., Yu Yingfeng, T.: Nanocomposite Materials, Taylor and Francis, USA (2016)
Balazs, A.C., Singh, C., Zhulina, E.: Modeling the interactions between polymers and clay surfaces through selfconsistent field theory. Macromolecules 31, 8370–8381 (1998)
Balazs, A.C., Singh, C., Zhulina, E., Lyatskaya, Y.: Modeling the phase behavior of polymer/clay nanocomposites. Acc. Chem. Res. 8, 651–657 (1999)
Lyatskaya, Y., Balazs, A.C.: Modeling the phase behavior of polymer- clay composites. Macromolecules 31, 6676–6680 (1998)
Vaia, R.A., Giannelis, E.P.: Lattice of polymer melt intercalation in organically-modified layered silicates. Macromolecules 30, 7990–7999 (1997)
Chen, T.K., Tien, Y.I., Wei, K.H.: Synthesis and characterization of novel segmented polyurethane/clay nanocomposite via poly(e-caprolactone)/clay. J. Polym. Sci.: Part A Polym. Chem. 37, 2225–2233 (1999)
Alexandre, M., Dubois, P.: Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials. Mater. Sci. Eng. 28, 1–63 (2000)
Haraguchi, K.: Synthesis and properties of soft nanocomposite materials with novel organic/inorganic network structures. Polym. J. 43, 223–241 (2011)
Lee, H.S., Choi, M.Y., Anandhan, S., Baik, D.H., Seo, S.W.: Microphase structure and physical properties of polyurethane/ organoclay nanocomposites. ACS PMSE Preprints 91, 638 (2004)
Roy, A., Joshi, M., Butola, B.S.: Preparation and antimicrobial assessment of zinc-montmorillonite intercalates based HDPE nanocomposites: a cost-effective and safe bioactive plastic. J. Clean Prod. 212, 1518–1525 (2019)
Sinha, T., Ahmaruzzaman, M., Bhattacharjee, A.: A simple approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their application as a catalyst for the photodegradation of methyl violet 6B dye under solar irradiation. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2, 2269–2279 (2014)
Giri, A., Bhowmick, R., Prodhan, C., Majumder, D., Bhattacharya, S.K., Ali, M.: Synthesis and characterization of biopolymer based hybrid hydrogel nanocomposite and study of their electrochemical efficacy. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 123, 228–238 (2018)
Gubin, S.P.: What is nanoparticle? Trend of development of Nanochemistry and nanotechnology. Ross Khim Zh 44, 23–31 (2000)
Henrique, P., Camargo, C., Gundappa, K., Satyanarayana, W.F.: Nanocomposites: synthesis, structure, properties and new application opportunities. Mater Res 12, 1–39 (2009)
Bordes, P., Pollet, E., Avérous, L.: Nano-biocomposites: biodegradable polyester/nanoclay systems. Prog. Polym. Sci. 34, 125–155 (2009)
Hussain, F., Hojjati, M., Okamota, M., Gorga, R.E.: Review article: Polymer-matrix nanocomposites, processing, manufacturing, and application: an overview. J. Compos. Mater. 40, 1511–1575 (2006)
Baskaran, K., Ali, M., Gingrich, K., Lyn Porter, D., Chong, S., Riley, B.J., Peak, C.W., Naleway, S.E., Zharov, I., Carlson, K.: Sol-gel derived silica: A review of polymer-tailored properties for energy and environmental applications. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 336, 111874 (2022)
Guo, X.H., Zhang, Q., Ding, X., Shen, Q., Wu, C., Zhang, L., Yang, H.: Synthesis and application of several sol–gel-derived materials via sol–gel process combining with other technologies: a review. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 79, 328–358 (2016)
Thomas, M., Naikoo, G.A., Sheikh, M.U.D., Bano, M., Khan, F.: Effective photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye using alginate/carboxymethyl cellulose/TiO2nanocomposite hydrogel under direct sunlight irradiation. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 327, 33–43 (2016)
Montaser, A.S., Wassel, A.R., Al-Shaye’a, O.N.: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of Schiff bases from chitosan and salicylaldehyde/TiO2 nanocomposite membrane. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 124, 802–809 (2019)
Mouritz, A.P., Gibson, A.G.: Fire properties of polymer composite materials 143 (2006) Springer Netherlands, 401
McNally, T., Potschke, P., Halley, P., Murphy, M., Martin, D., Belled, S.E.J., Brennane, P.G., Beinf, D., Lemoineg, P., Quinng, J.P.:Polymer 46, 8222–8232 (2005)
Aji, I.S., Zainudin, E.S., Abdan, K., Sapuan, S.M.: J. Compos. Mater. 47(8), 979–990 (2013)
George, J., Bhagawan, S.S., Thomas, S.: Compos. Interf. 5(3), 201–223 (1997)
Mark, J.E.: Ceramic reinforced polymers and polymer-modified ceramics. Polym. Eng. Sci. 36, 2905±2920 (1996)
Reynaud, E., Gauthier, C., Perez, J.: Nanophases in polymers, Rev. Metall./Cah. Inf. Tech. 96, 169–176 (1999)
Lerner, M., Oriakhi, C.: In: Goldstein, A. (ed.) Handbook of Nanophase Materials, pp. 1–199. Marcel Dekker, New York (1997)
Demir, K.D., Tasdelen, M.A., Uyar, T., Kawaguchi, A.W., Sudo, A., Endo, T., Yagci, Y.: Synthesis of polybenzoxazine/clay nanocomposites by in situ thermal ring-opening polymerization using intercalated monomer. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 19, 4213–4220 (2011)
Dizman, C., Ates, S., Uyar, T., Tasdelen, M.A., Torun, L., Yagci, Y.: Polysulfone/clay nanocomposites by in-situ photoinduced crosslinking polymerization. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 296, 1101–1106 (2011)
Sarde, B., Patil, Y.D.: Recent research status on polymer composite used in concrete-an overview. Mater Today: Proc. 18, 3780–3790 (2019)
Hsissou, R., Berradi, M., El Bouchti, M., El Bachiri, A., El Harfi, A.: Synthesis characterization rheological and morphological study of a new epoxy resin pentaglycidyl ether pentaphenoxy of phosphorus and their composite (PGEPPP/MDA/PN). Polym Bull. 76, 4859–4878 (2019)
Oladele, I.O., Omotosho, T.F., Adediran, A.A.: Polymer-based composites: An indispensable material for present and future applications. Int. J. Polym. Sci. 56, 1–12 (2020)
Neser, G.: Polymer-based composites in marine use: History and future trends. Procedia Eng. 194, 19–24 (2016)
Agbabiaka, O.G., Oladele, I.O., Akinwekomi, A.D., Adediran, A.A., Balogun, A.O., Olasunkanmi, O.G., Olayanju, T.M.A.: Effect of calcination temperature on hydroxyapatite developed from waste poultry eggshell. Sci. Africa 8, 1–12 (2020)
El-Aouni, N., Hsissou, R., Azzaoui, J.E., Bouchti, M.E., Elharfi, A.: Synthesis rheological and thermal studies of epoxy polymer and its composite. Chem. Data Collect 30, 100584 (2020)
Yahaya, R., Sapuan, S., Jawaid, M., Leman, Z., Zainudin, E.: Mechanical performance of woven kenaf-Kevlar hybrid composites. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 33, 2242–2254 (2014)
Valino, A.D., Dizon, J.R.C., Espera, A.H., Chen, Q., Messman, J., Advincula, R.C.: Advances in 3D printing of thermoplastic polymer composites and nanocomposites. Prog. Polym. Sci. 98, Article 101162 (2019)
Hsissou, R., Bekhta, A., Dagdag, O., El Bachiri, A., Rafik, M., Elharfi, A.: Rheological properties of composite polymers and hybrid nanocomposites. Heliyon 6, e04187 (2020)
Rbaa, M., Benhiba, F., Hssisou, R., Lakhrissi, Y., Lakhrissi, B., Touhami, M.E., et al.: Green synthesis of novel carbohydrate polymer chitosan oligosaccharide grafted on d-glucose derivative as bio-based corrosion inhibitor. J. Mol. Liq. 322, Article 114541 (2021)
Acknowledgements
Authors would like to thank to host Institute for providing the digital library facility for collecting relevant data.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Parida, S.K., Kullu, S., Hota, S., Mishra, S. (2024). Synthesis and Processing Techniques of Polymer Composites. In: Moharana, S., Sahu, B.B., Nayak, A.K., Tiwari, S.K. (eds) Polymer Composites. Engineering Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2075-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2075-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-97-2074-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-97-2075-0
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)