Abstract
Indonesia is known for its rich biodiversity and the production of several endemic essential oils that are popular in the cosmetics industry. Essential oils are highly concentrated aromatic liquids derived from various plant materials, such as flowers, leaves, bark, stems, or roots. The pleasing fragrance, therapeutic effects, and potential benefits for skin care make essential oils a common ingredient in cosmetics. Various essential oils in Indonesia are native to the region and frequently applied in cosmetics. These include patchouli, clove, citronella, cananga, vetiver, lemongrass, oud, sandalwood and benzoin oils. Other common oils include lavender, tea tree, chamomile, rose, peppermint, and frankincense. Various methods for extracting essential oils include steam distillation, cold pressing and solvent extraction. The chemical composition can vary significantly depending on species, growing conditions, extraction method, and harvest time. Essential oils comprise a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds, including terpenes, aldehydes, phenols, ketones, alcohols, esters, and oxides. These compounds possess numerous beneficial properties, such as antimicrobial, analgesic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Essential oils can also have antifungal and sedative effects, contributing to their pleasant aroma. They are often employed in skin care products like creams, lotions, and serums to help with skin irritation and relaxation. Some essential oils are highly valued for their pleasing aroma and are applied in perfumes, hair care items, and moisturizers. The biomass of certain plants can also be involved in cosmetics, including leaves, flowers, stems, and other parts. However, it is crucial to properly formulate and understand the potential effects on the skin, as essential oils are highly concentrated and should be diluted appropriately before application. It is advisable to perform patch tests and consult a qualified expert to ensure safety and efficacy.
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Acknowledgments
This manuscript results from work at the Research Collaboration Center for Cosmetic-Based Nano-biomass, the Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, the Research Center for Applied Botany, and the Research Center for Nanotechnology. The authors thank Prof. Enos Tangke Arung and Prof. Widya Fatriasari for their ideas, discussions, and suggestions.
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Aswandi, A., Kholibrina, C.R., Kuspradini, H. (2024). Essential Oils for Cosmetics Application. In: Arung, E.T., et al. Biomass-based Cosmetics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1908-2_7
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