Abstract
Since life emerged, the earth has become a capital creation system. Capital creation has changed the face of the globe from a collection of rocks, gases, and water to an ensemble of forests, plains, cities, and other forms of capital
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Notes
- 1.
Dean and Kretschmer (2007).
- 2.
Lane (2015).
- 3.
Compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sucrose is C12H22O11.
- 4.
This section draws upon Wulf (2015).
- 5.
Holland (1995).
- 6.
Gaia was a Greek goddess who personified the earth.
- 7.
Lovelock (1979).
- 8.
Lovelock (2010).
- 9.
Alvarez et al. (1979).
- 10.
Schramski et al. (2015).
- 11.
Harmand et al. (2015).
- 12.
Stout (2016).
- 13.
Diamond (1997).
- 14.
Bernstein (2008).
- 15.
Smith (1776).
- 16.
However, it was not until the 1960s that economist started to appreciate the importance of human capital investment. See Schultz (1961).
- 17.
Marx (1867).
- 18.
- 19.
Stiroh (2002).
- 20.
Dean and Kretschmer (2007).
- 21.
Hawken et al. (2010).
- 22.
Schumacher (1973).
- 23.
- 24.
- 25.
For a brief explanation of the effect of atmospheric CO2 on average global temperature, see http://www.howglobalwarmingworks.org/in-under-5-min-ba.html.
- 26.
- 27.
The choice of the prime superscript is to stress the importance of capital productivity and energy efficiency in a capital creation system.
- 28.
Farag (2000).
- 29.
Sixto (2002).
- 30.
Cassasus et al. (2000).
- 31.
Landes (1999).
- 32.
- 33.
- 34.
Jerusalem, a poem by William Blake.
- 35.
Beckert (2015).
- 36.
Goody and Watt (1963).
- 37.
Stiroh (2002).
- 38.
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Watson, R.T., Mathew, S.K. (2021). A Capital Idea. In: Capital, Systems, and Objects. Management for Professionals. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6625-1_1
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