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Life History Traits

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Biology of Gall Midges

Part of the book series: Entomology Monographs ((ENTMON))

Abstract

Life history strategy of univoltine gall-inducing cecidomyiids has been divided into four types based on their overwintering sites and larval developmental stadia. The four types can be applied also to multivoltine gall midges. We show that lower developmental threshold temperature and thermal constant are important factors to determine life history patterns and 50% emergence date, of which the latter is essential to evaluate the degree of synchronization of emergence and host plant phenology. We emphasize the importance of using non-linear relationship between rearing temperature and developmental speed in determining the lower developmental threshold temperature to avoid higher estimation. Based on the life history strategies, we further demonstrate examples of gall midges exhibiting long-term diapause, host organ alternation and host plant alternation, and discuss the adaptive significance of such life history traits.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Junichi Yukawa

  2. Institute of Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan

    Nami Uechi

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  1. Junichi Yukawa
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  2. Nami Uechi
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Correspondence to Junichi Yukawa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Junichi Yukawa

  2. Laboratory of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan

    Makoto Tokuda

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Yukawa, J., Uechi, N. (2021). Life History Traits. In: Yukawa, J., Tokuda, M. (eds) Biology of Gall Midges. Entomology Monographs. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6534-6_6

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