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Molecular Imaging for Early-Stage Disease Diagnosis

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Visualized Medicine

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1199))

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Abstract

With the development of cellular biology, molecular biology, and other subjects, targeted molecular probe was combined with medical imaging technologies to launch a new scientific discipline of molecular imaging that is a research discipline to visualize, characterize, and analyze biological process at the cellular and molecular levels for real-time tracking and precision therapy, also termed as the medical imaging in the twenty-first century. An array of imaging techniques has been developed to image specific targets of living cells or tissues by molecular probes, including optical molecular imaging (OI), magnetic resonance molecular imaging, ultrasound (US) molecular imaging, nuclear medicine molecular imaging, X-ray molecular imaging, and multi-mode molecular imaging. These imaging techniques make the early diagnosis of various diseases possible by means of visualization of gene expression, interactions between proteins, signal transduction, cell metabolism, cell traces, and other physiological or pathological processes in the living system, which bridge the gap between molecular biology and clinical medicine. This chapter will lay the emphasis on the early-stage diagnosis of fatal diseases, such as malignant tumors, cardio- or cerebrovascular diseases, digestive system disease, central nervous system disease, and other diseases employing molecular imaging in a real-time visualized manner.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

AKI:

Acute kidney injury

ANGIO/LVG:

Coronary angiography/left ventriculography

bv FTD:

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia

CAIA:

Collagen antibody induced arthritis

CMP:

Cancer microparticle

CMR:

Cardiac magnetic resonance

CRPC:

Castrate-resistant prostate cancer

CT:

Computed tomography

CTC:

Circulating tumor cell

DLB:

Dementia with Lewy bodies

FA:

Folic acid

FDG:

2-[18F]Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose

FPR1:

Formyl peptide receptor 1

FR:

Folate receptor

FRNPs:

Fluorescence-Raman bimodal nanoparticles

FTLD:

Flexible thermocouple line detector

GBCAs:

Gadolinium-based contrast agents

GVHD:

Graft-versus-host disease

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HER-2/Neu :

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

IRI:

Ischemia-reperfusion injury

LGE:

Late gadolinium enhancement

LVH:

Left ventricular hypertrophy

MCI:

Mild cognitive impairment

MIP:

Maximum intensity projections

MRPs:

Molecular renal probes

MRR:

Magnetic resonance renography

MRU:

Magnetic resonance urography

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

MSOT:

Multispectral optoacoustic tomography

NAC:

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

NIRF:

Near-infrared fluorescence

NQO1:

NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1

OI:

Optical imaging

PA:

Photoacoustic

PCA:

Posterior cortical atrophy

PCa:

Prostate cancer

PCC:

Precuneus/posterior cingulate complex

PCL:

Poly-ε-caprolactone

PHLIP:

pH low insertion peptide

RA:

Rheumatoid arthritis

RES:

Reticuloendothelial system

RGD:

Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid

SFE:

Scanning fiber endoscope

SPIO:

Superparamagnetic iron oxide

ThT:

Thioflavine T

TSPO:

Translocator protein

UC NPs:

Up-conversion nanoparticles

US:

Ultrasound

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020T130092ZX, 2019 M651044).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tian** University, Tian**, China

    Kuo Zhang

  2. School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tian** University, Tian**, China

    Haiyan Xu

  3. First Teaching Hospital of Tian** University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tian**, China

    Kai Li

  4. National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tian**, China

    Kai Li

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  1. Kuo Zhang
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Correspondence to Kuo Zhang .

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  1. Academy of Medical Engineering &Translational Medicine, Tian** University, Tian**, China

    Zhe Liu

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Zhang, K., Xu, H., Li, K. (2023). Molecular Imaging for Early-Stage Disease Diagnosis. In: Liu, Z. (eds) Visualized Medicine. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1199. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9902-3_3

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