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Ceramics of the Song, Liao and ** Dynasties

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The History of Chinese Ceramics

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Abstract

After the wars at the end of the Tang Dynasty and the chaos of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, China entered a new unified era—the Northern Song Dynasty.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Xue Fengxuan, Evolution of Chinese Cities and Civilization, Joint Publishing (H.K.), 2009, pp. 182–183.

  2. 2.

    Xue Fengxuan, Evolution of Chinese Cities and Civilization, Joint Publishing (H.K.), 2009, p. 184.

  3. 3.

    Xue Fengxuan, Evolution of Chinese Cities and Civilization, Joint Publishing (H.K.), 2009, p. 187.

  4. 4.

    Xue Fengxuan, Evolution of Chinese Cities and Civilization, Joint Publishing (H.K.), 2009, p. 187.

  5. 5.

    Peng Yuxin et al., Economic History of Chinese Feudal Society, Wuhan University Press, 1994, p. 410.

  6. 6.

    Peng Yuxin et al., Economic History of Chinese Feudal Society, Wuhan University Press, 1994, pp. 412–413.

  7. 7.

    Xue Fengxuan, Evolution of Chinese Cities and Civilization, Joint Publishing (H.K.), 2009, p. 190.

  8. 8.

    Source of picture: Xue Fengxuan, Evolution of Chinese Cities and Civilization, Joint Publishing (H.K.), 2009, p. 189.

  9. 9.

    Xue Fengxuan, Evolution of Chinese Cities and Civilization, Joint Publishing (H.K.), 2009, p. 197.

  10. 10.

    Jacques Gernet, A History of Chinese Civilization, translated (into Chinese) by Geng Sheng, Jiangsu People’s Publishing Ltd., 1995, p. 290.

  11. 11.

    Cai Yi, “On Northern White Porcelain Centered on the Ding Kilns,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 11), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2005, p. 263.

  12. 12.

    Cai Yi, “On Northern White Porcelain Centered on the Ding Kilns,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 11), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2005, p. 265. (Note 27: Chinese Ceramic Society (ed.), History of Chinese Ceramics, Cultural Relics Press, 1987).

  13. 13.

    Cai Yi, “On Northern White Porcelain Centered on the Ding Kilns,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 11), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2005, p. 265.

  14. 14.

    Cai Yi, “On Northern White Porcelain Centered on the Ding Kilns,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 11), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2005, p. 266. (Note 32: Chinese Ceramic Society (ed.), History of Chinese Ceramics, Cultural Relics Press, 1987).

  15. 15.

    Cai Yi, “On Northern White Porcelain Centered on the Ding Kilns,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 11), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2005, p. 267.

  16. 16.

    Cai Yi, “On Northern White Porcelain Centered on the Ding Kilns,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 11), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2005, p. 266.

  17. 17.

    See Footnote 16.

  18. 18.

    Ma Zhongli, “Archaeological Excavation and Periodized Introduction of the Cizhou Kilns,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 11), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2005, p. 214.

  19. 19.

    Ma Zhongli, “Archaeological Excavation and Periodized Introduction of the Cizhou Kilns,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 11), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2005, p. 215.

  20. 20.

    The black and white rectangular pillow with painted Yuan opera scene “Li Kui offering an apology” collected by the Fengfeng Mining Area Cultural Relic Preservation Center in Handan was unearthed from a Yuan dynasty tomb together with plates, jars, goblets, black-glazed painted gu, white-glazed bottles and coins inscribed with Phags-pa words. The black and white porcelain pillow with human figure painting inscribed with “made by Wang by Fuhe River” was unearthed in Yuecheng Town in Cixian in 1965. Quoted from a secondary source: Ma Zhongli, “Archaeological Excavation and Periodized Introduction of the Cizhou Kilns,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 11), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2005, pp. 217–218.

  21. 21.

    Chinese Ceramic Society (ed.), History of Chinese Ceramics, Cultural Relics Press, 1982, p. 240.

  22. 22.

    Lv Zhangshen (ed.), The Beauty of Porcelain (one of a series of books for promoting international exchange by the National Museum of China), Zhonghua Book Company, 2012, p. 309.

  23. 23.

    Deng Heying, “Inheritance and Sublimation of Celadon—Taking the Southern Song Guan Kilns as a Case,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 12), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2006, p. 219.

  24. 24.

    Shen ** (ed.), Xuanhe Yishi (“Old Incidents in Xuanhe”), Jiangsu Ancient Book Publishing House, 1993.

  25. 62.

    Chen **anqiu et al., “Scientific Research on Song dynasty Jian Kiln Cups,” China Ceramics, Issue 2, 1983.

  26. 63.

    Zhao Rukuo, Yang Bowen (ed.), Notes on Zhu Fan Zhi (“Annals of Foreign Countries”), Zhonghua Book Company, 1996, pp. 28, 61, 136, 132.

  27. 64.

    Chen Jianzhong, Chen Lihua & Chen Lifang, History of China’s Dehua Porcelain, Shanghai Jiaotong University Press, 2011, p. 14.

  28. 65.

    Chen Jianzhong, Chen Lihua & Chen Lifang, History of China’s Dehua Porcelain, Shanghai Jiaotong University Press, 2011, p. 23.

  29. 66.

    Fujian Museum, Dehua Kilns, Cultural Relics Press, 1990.

  30. 67.

    Zhao Jiabin, “Ancient Chinese Exports of Porcelain through the Maritime Silk Road—Underwater Archaeological Works and Findings in China,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 14), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2008.

  31. 68.

    Joint Tentative Excavation Team, “Tentative Excavation Report and Preliminary Investigations of Quanzhou Fashi Shipwreck,” Studies in the History of Natural Sciences (Vol. 2, Issue 2), 1983.

  32. 69.

    Cai Yoshi, “Export and Influence of Chinese Porcelain Examined from Nanhai No. 1,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 14), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2008.

  33. 70.

    Chinese Ceramic Society (ed.), History of Chinese Ceramics, Cultural Relics Press, 1982, p. 313.

  34. 71.

    Cai Yi, “On Northern White Porcelain Centered on the Ding Kilns,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 11), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2005, p. 271.

  35. 72.

    Cai Yi, “On Northern White Porcelain Centered on the Ding Kilns,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 11), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2005, p. 268.

  36. 73.

    Lu Qi, “Liao dynasty Porcelain Kiln Found in Longquanwu in the Mentougou District, Bei**g,” Cultural Relics, Issue 5, 1978, p. 26.

  37. 74.

    Sun Meng, “Liao dynasty Imported Porcelain Unearthed in Bei**g,” Collectors, Issue 4, 2011, p. 42.

  38. 75.

    Lu Qi, “Liao dynasty Porcelain Kiln Found in Longquanwu in the Mentougou District, Bei**g,” Cultural Relics, Issue 5, 1978, p. 28.

  39. 76.

    ** Shen, “On Liao dynasty Tricolor Pottery Arhat Statues of Bafowa in Yixian, Hebei,” Wenwu Chunqiu, Issue 2, 2003, p. 61.

  40. 77.

    See Footnote 76.

  41. 78.

    ** Shen, “On Liao dynasty Tricolor Pottery Arhat Statues of Bafowa in Yixian, Hebei,” Wenwu Chunqiu, Issue 2, 2003, p. 66.

  42. 79.

    ** Shen, Sequel to Textual Research on Buddhist Fine Arts, Hualing Publishing House, 2010.

  43. 80.

    Luo ** & Yu Hong, “Contribution of Liao Dynasty Porcelain Manufacturing to History,” Collection World, Issue 2, 2011, p. 60.

  44. 81.

    Luo ** & Yu Hong, “Contribution of Liao Dynasty Porcelain Manufacturing to History,” Collection World, Issue 2, 2011, p. 61.

  45. 82.

    See Footnote 81.

  46. 83.

    Luo ** & Yu Hong, “Contribution of Liao Dynasty Porcelain Manufacturing to History,” Collection World, Issue 2, 2011, p. 62.

  47. 84.

    Editorial Committee of Complete Works of Collection and Appreciation of Chinese Art Works, Complete Works of Chinese Porcelain Collection and Appreciation, Jilin Publishing Group Co., Ltd., 2007.

  48. 85.

    Lu Ruifang & Lu Heting, “** dynasty Porcelain Unearthed in Cangzhou, Hebei,” Collectors, Issue 2, 2004.

  49. 86.

    Liu Miao, “Preliminary Study on ** dynasty Ding Kiln Porcelain,” Wenwu Chunqiu, Issue 2, 2006.

  50. 87.

    Liu Tao, Dated Porcelain from the Song, Liao and ** Dynasties, Cultural Relics Press, 2004.

  51. 88.

    **e Mingliang, “Brief Introduction to Ding Kiln White Porcelain,” Catalog of Special Exhibition of Ding Kiln White Porcelain, Taipei Palace Museum, 1987.

  52. 89.

    Wang Yintian, “** dynasty Mural Tomb in the Southern Suburbs of Datong,” Acta Archaeologica Sinica, Issue 4, 1992.

  53. 90.

    Liu Miao, “Preliminary Study on ** dynasty Ding Kiln Porcelain,” Wenwu Chunqiu, Issue 2, 2006.

  54. 91.

    See Footnote 90.

  55. 92.

    See Footnote 90.

  56. 93.

    Jessica Rawson, “The Relationship between Chinese Silverware and Porcelain (CE 600 to 1400)—Several Issues on Art History and Technology,” translated (into Chinese) by Lv Chenglong, Palace Museum Journal, Issue 4, 1986.

  57. 94.

    Du Wen, “New Interpretations of Literature on ** dynasty Yaozhou Kiln Ceramics,” Collection World, Issue 9, 2006.

  58. 95.

    See Footnote 94.

  59. 96.

    See Footnote 94.

  60. 97.

    See Footntoe 94.

  61. 98.

    See Footnote 94.

  62. 99.

    Du Wen, “On the Tributary Porcelain of the Yaozhou Kilns in the ** Dynasty,” Jian Cang (“Treasure Appraisal and Collection”), Issue 5, 2008.

  63. 100.

    See Footnote 94.

  64. 101.

    Geng Sheng, “Identification of Pale Blue Glazed Porcelain of the Yaozhou Kilns in the ** Dynasty,” **’an Evening News, September 24, 2007.

  65. 102.

    Hasebe Gakuji, “On Cizhou Ware in the ** Dynasty,” Ceramic Studies, Issue 2, 2001.

  66. 103.

    See Footnote 102.

  67. 104.

    Ye Zhemin, The Cizhou Kilns in China, Hebei Fine Arts Publishing House, 2009, pp. 65–66.

  68. 105.

    Editorial Committee of Complete Works of Collection and Appreciation of Chinese Art Works, Complete Works of Chinese Porcelain Collection and Appreciation, Jilin Publishing Group Co., Ltd., 2007.

  69. 106.

    Ma **aoqing, “Introduction and Periodization of Cizhou Kiln Inscribed Pillows in the Song and Yuan Dynasties,” Collection World, Issue 4 & 5, 2006.

  70. 107.

    Ye Zhemin, The Cizhou Kilns in China (Vol. 2), Hebei Fine Arts Publishing House, 2009, p. 396.

  71. 108.

    Ye Zhemin, The Cizhou Kilns in China (Vol. 2), Hebei Fine Arts Publishing House, 2009, p. 130.

  72. 109.

    Ma **aoqing, “Introduction and Periodization of Cizhou Kiln Inscribed Pillows in the Song and Yuan Dynasties,” Collection World, Issue 4 & 5, 2006.

  73. 110.

    See Footnote 109.

  74. 111.

    Ye Zhemin, The Cizhou Kilns in China (Vol. 2), Hebei Fine Arts Publishing House, 2009, p. 172.

  75. 112.

    Ye Zhemin, The Cizhou Kilns in China (Vol. 2), Hebei Fine Arts Publishing House, 2009, p. 173.

  76. 113.

    Hasebe Gakuji, “On Cizhou Ware in the ** Dynasty,” Ceramic Studies, Issue 2, 2001.

  77. 114.

    Ye Zhemin, The Cizhou Kilns in China (Vol. 1), Hebei Fine Arts Publishing House, 2009, p. 267.

  78. 115.

    Pang Hongqi, “Preliminary Examination of the Cizhou Kilns in Linshui,” Journal of Handan College, Issue 4. 2006.

  79. 116.

    Chinese Ceramic Society (ed.), History of Chinese Ceramics, Cultural Relics Press, 1982, p. 246.

  80. 117.

    Ye Zhemin, The Cizhou Kilns in China (Vol. 1), Hebei Fine Arts Publishing House, 2009, p. 267.

  81. 118.

    Li Jun, “Export and Influence of Yue Celadon in the Tang, Five Dynasties and Northern Song,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 14), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2008, p. 131.

  82. 119.

    Huang **g, “The Guangdong Maritime Silk Road and Ceramics Export,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 14), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2008, p. 319.

  83. 120.

    Deng Heying, “On the Path to Prosperity of the Longquan Kilns in the Two Song Dynasties,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 14), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2008, p. 150.

  84. 121.

    Deng Heying, “On the Path to Prosperity of the Longquan Kilns in the Two Song Dynasties,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 14), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2008, p. 151.

  85. 122.

    Feng Suge, “Guangdong Overseas Transport and Ancient Ceramics Export,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 14), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2008, p. 307.

  86. 123.

    Zhao Jiabin, “Ancient Chinese Exports of Porcelain through the Maritime Silk Road—Underwater Archaeological Works and Findings in China,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 14), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2008, p. 2.

  87. 124.

    Zhao Jiabin, “Ancient Chinese Exports of Porcelain through the Maritime Silk Road—Underwater Archaeological Works and Findings in China,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 14), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2008, p. 8.

  88. 125.

    “Direction of Ship Nose Indicates Nanhai No. 1 Was Heading for Singapore,” Guangzhou Daily, February 1, 2007.

  89. 126.

    **amen Evening News, May 6, 2004.

  90. 127.

    “‘Nanhai No.1’ Was Made Either in Guangzhou or in Fujian,” Guangzhou Daily, February 8, 2007.

  91. 128.

    Zhao Jiabin, “Ancient Chinese Exports of Porcelain through the Maritime Silk Road—Underwater Archaeological Works and Findings in China,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 14), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2008, p. 8.

  92. 129.

    Zhao Jiabin, “Ancient Chinese Exports of Porcelain through the Maritime Silk Road—Underwater Archaeological Works and Findings in China,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 14), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2008, pp. 8–9.

  93. 130.

    Zhou Chunshui, “Exploration on Porcelain Exports via the Minjiang River from the Wanjiao No. 1 Shipwreck,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 14), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2008, p. 24.

  94. 131.

    Deng Heying, “On the Path to Prosperity of the Longquan Kilns in the Two Song Dynasties,” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 14), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2008, p. 152.

  95. 132.

    See Footnote 131.

  96. 133.

    Li Zehou, The History of Beauty, Cultural Relics Press, 1981.

  97. 134.

    Fei **aotong, “On Ancient Chinese Jade Wares and Traditional Culture,” China Yanhuang Culture Research Association of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League (ed.), Fei **aotong on Culture and Cultural Self-consciousness, Qunyan Press, 2007.

  98. 135.

    Zheng Jiali, “Ding Ware Inscribed ‘Food Bureau’ and ‘Unsuitable for Use Due to Unglazed Rim,’” Chinese Society for Ancient Ceramics (ed.), Studies on Ancient Chinese Ceramics (Vol. 11), The Forbidden City Publishing House, 2005, p. 257.

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    Lili Fang

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Fang, L. (2023). Ceramics of the Song, Liao and ** Dynasties. In: The History of Chinese Ceramics. China Academic Library. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9094-6_8

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