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Cadmium, a Nonessential Heavy Metal: Uptake, Translocation, Signaling, Detoxification, and Impact on Amino Acid Metabolism

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Plant Metal and Metalloid Transporters

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic nonessential heavy metal for higher plants, which has a long biological half-life. Based on the fact that Cd is harmful to the environment and plants, and due to the sessile nature of the plants, they need to elevate their protective mechanisms to cope with Cd stress. Due to its high solubility and being easily taken up by the plants using the transporters of various essential elements like iron, zinc, and manganese, it not only interferes with the uptake of these essential elements but also induces various structural, physio-biochemical, and morphological changes in plants at high concentration and results in nutrient imbalance and deficiency of these essential elements when they are low in the soil. In order to cope with Cd toxicity, a number of signaling pathways are activated in plants like the MAPK pathway. These signaling pathways help in Cd detoxification via ion transport, regulating metabolism, ROS homeostasis, and activation of different transcription factors which in turn activate different stress-responsive genes. Cd detoxification through peptides such as phytochelatins and metallothioneins which are produced in plants in response to heavy metal stress constitutes an important part of plants’ defense against Cd toxicity. Moreover, the metabolism of the nitrogenous compounds like amino acids also plays an important role in plants in alleviating the negative impacts of Cd stress. The production of a number of these amino acids like proline, serine, arginine, asparagine, and many others is escalated under Cd stress, which then act as signaling molecules, osmolytes, and free radical scavengers and improve the growth parameters of plants. In the present chapter, we have tried to describe a holistic view of Cd uptake, translocation, signaling, and detoxification via phytochelatins and metallothioneins and its impact on amino acid metabolism.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Kaiser Iqbal Wani, Andleeb Zehra, Sadaf Choudhary, M. Naeem & Tariq Aftab

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  1. Kaiser Iqbal Wani
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  2. Andleeb Zehra
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  3. Sadaf Choudhary
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  4. M. Naeem
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  5. Tariq Aftab
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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India

    Kundan Kumar

  2. Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sudhakar Srivastava

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Wani, K.I., Zehra, A., Choudhary, S., Naeem, M., Aftab, T. (2022). Cadmium, a Nonessential Heavy Metal: Uptake, Translocation, Signaling, Detoxification, and Impact on Amino Acid Metabolism. In: Kumar, K., Srivastava, S. (eds) Plant Metal and Metalloid Transporters. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6103-8_4

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