This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
“Four Groups of People in Poverty Alleviation” means four groups of poor people, one of which will develop through supporting production and employment, one of which will be settled down by relocation, one of which will be lifted out of poverty through ecological protection and the other one through education-oriented poverty alleviation, and one of which will be supported by subsistence allowance policies.
- 2.
**, “Work Together to Eliminate Poverty and Promote Common Development”, 2015 Global Poverty Reduction and Development Forum (Bei**g), October 16th, 2015.
- 3.
The four aspects of work deployed by Director Liu Yongfu are: building five integrating platforms of big data, financing, integrated management, work implementation, and poverty alleviation; improving three mechanisms of assessment, evaluation, and withdrawal; and carrying out seven actions including education, health, financial poverty alleviation and transportation poverty alleviation; organizing and implementing ten projects of whole village advancement, vocational education and training, poverty alleviation microfinance, poverty alleviation and relocation, poverty alleviation through e-commerce, poverty alleviation through tourism, poverty alleviation through photovoltaic, poverty alleviation through tree hybridization, poverty-stricken village entrepreneurship training of entrepreneurial leaders who become rich, and programs driven by leading enterprises. See “2015 National Conference on Poverty Alleviation and Development in Bei**g,” the website of the State Council Office of Poverty Alleviation (http://zhanghz.com.cpad.gov.cn/art/2015/12/29/art_624_43221.html).
- 4.
From an institutional point of view, China’s ethnic minority areas refer to areas where ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities and implement the system of regional ethnic autonomy. To facilitate analysis at the national level, it generally refers to the “eight ethnic provinces and autonomous regions,” namely, the five ethnic autonomous provinces and regions and the three provinces with large ethnic minority populations which are Yunnan, Guizhou, and Qinghai.
- 5.
Tang Jian and Li **aoqing, “Strategic Thinking on Anti-poverty in the Rural Areas of the Western Ethnic Minority Areas”, Gansu Agriculture, Issue 12, 2006.
- 6.
ZhuangTianhui, Zhang Haixia and Yang **xiu, “Research on the Impact of Natural Disasters on Rural Poverty in Southwestern Ethnic Minority Areas—Based on the Analysis of 67 Villages in 21 National Poverty-stricken Counties”, Rural Economy, Issue 7, 2010.
- 7.
Chen Quangong and Cheng **, “Poverty Alleviation in Ethnic Minority Areas from the Perspective of Spatial Poverty Theory”, Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities (Humanities and Social Sciences), Issue 1, 2011.
- 8.
Li Maolin, “Anti-poverty Strategies in Poor Rural Areas in Ethnic Minority Areas”, Economic Herald, Issue 2, 2010.
- 9.
Qu Wei, Tu Qin, et al. “Test of the Poverty Effect of Natural Geographical Environment—An Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Natural Geographical Environment on Rural Poverty”, Chinese Rural Economy, Issue 2, 2012.
- 10.
Liu Mingyu, “Division Impeded and Institutionalized Poverty Trap”, Issues in Agricultural Economy, Issue 2, 2004.
- 11.
Yang Ying, “Adjustment of Anti-poverty Strategy from the Analysis of the Characteristics of Rural Poverty in China”, Social Scientist, Issue 2, 2012.
- 12.
Zhang Lijie, “On Anti-poverty and Human Capital Accumulation in Western Ethnic Minority Areas”, Journal of Ningxia University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), Issue 2, 2006.
- 13.
Shao ZhiZhong, “From the Human Resources Factor to See the Poverty in Minority Areas of Hongshui River Valley—Part III of Study on Poverty in Minority Nationality Regions of Hongshui River Valley”, Guangxi Ethnic Studies, Issue 2, 2011.
- 14.
Zhao **, “Research on the Anti-Poverty Campaign in the Countryside of China’s West Regions”, Journal of Sichuan University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), Issue 6, 2006.
- 15.
Zhang Liang**g, Yang Hu and Shang Mingrui, “Ecological Environment in Western Minority Region and Anti-poverty Strategy—A Case of Sunan Yugur Autonomous County”, Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, Issue 3, 2011.
- 16.
Li **aohui, Xu **aoxin, Zhang **ulan and Meng **anfan, “Responding to the New Economic Normal and Developmental Social Policy Version 2.0—Taking the innovation of social poverty alleviation mechanism as an example”, Jiangsu Social Science, Issue 2, 2015.
- 17.
Research Group of China Institution for Poverty Reduction, Bei**g Normal University: “Thoughts on Governance System and Capacity Building for Poverty Alleviation through Development”, Journal of China Executive Leadership Academy Yan’an, Issue 1, 2015.
- 18.
Han **aobing, Sherab Nyima, “Thoughts on Governance Innovation and Guarantee of Human Rights of Ethnic Minorities in Border Areas”, Journal of Minzu University of China (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), Issue 1, 2015.
- 19.
Jiang **ming, Wang Haifang, “Social Security System in the Rural Anti-poverty Strategy”, Rural Economy, Issue 6, 2007.
- 20.
Zhang Haomiao, “Analysis on the Issue of Poverty from the Discipline of Social Security”, Lanzhou Academic Journal, Issue 5, 2007.
- 21.
Wei Pu, “Relevance of Poverty, Poverty Risk and Social Security”, Social Science in Guangxi, Issue 2, 2015.
- 22.
Long Yuqi, “Endowment Insurance System and Anti-poverty in Ethnic Areas”, Social Science in Guangxi, Issue 2, 2015.
- 23.
According to the NBS’s sample survey of 74,000 rural households in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country, it is calculated based on the national poverty line of annual per capita income of RMB 2,300 (at 2010 constant prices).
- 24.
Department of Economic Development of the NEAC: “Monitoring Results of Rural Poverty in Ethnic Minority Areas 2014”, August 18th, 2015, the website of the NEAC (http://www.seac.gov.cn/art/2015/4/15/art_31_225897.html).
- 25.
**nhua News Agency issued with authority: “Central Committee’s Proposal for Formulating the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development”, November 4th, 2015, the website of **nhuanet (http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2015-11/03/c_1117027676.htm).
- 26.
Edited by Wang Yanzhong, Report on China Social Security Development (2012): Social Security and Income Distribution, Social Science Academic Press, 2012 Edition; Wang Yanzhong; Survey on Redistribution of Social Security in China, Social Science Academic Press, 2013 Edition; Wang Yanzhong; “Research on Social Security Income Redistribution Effect in China”, Economic Research Journal, Issue 2, 2016.
- 27.
The spending on social security in a narrow sense only refers to those on the social security programs concerning people’s subsistence including the spending on pensions and social welfare assistance, retirees of administrative entities and public institutions, social security subsidies or the spending on social security and employment.
- 28.
In addition to the spending on social security in a narrow sense, the spending in a broad sense also includes development-oriented social security programs such as the spending on education, medical care and health and housing security.
- 29.
Since 2013, the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the CASS has carried out large-scale field investigations and questionnaire surveys on the economic and social development of China’s ethnic minority areas. Due to the relatively low level of urbanization in the areas, the questionnaires are collected from concentrated places. This part selects the statistics relating to rural social security benefits as the major data for empirical examination. The author uses data of over 5,000 questionnaires from the door-to-door household surveys of urban and rural residents in 2014 and 2015. The samples come from the seven ethnic provinces and autonomous regions in the Western region, which can generally represent the overall situation of China’s western ethnic minority areas.
- 30.
The proportions of samples from Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet, Qinghai, Ningxia and **njiang are 11.7%, 13%, 11.4%, 23.8%, 10.5%, 12.2% and 17.4%, respectively.
- 31.
The social security benefits in this chapter are made up of the income from rural subsistence allowances, the reimbursement amount under the new rural cooperative medical insurance system and income from the new rural pension insurance system.
- 32.
The data of this part are from the questionnaires from the door-to-door household surveys of urban and rural residents in 2013. The surveys covered 16 counties and cities in six provinces and autonomous regions including Inner Mongolia, **njiang, Yunnan, Guizhou, Gansu and Qinghai, and collected 6,536 individual samples from urban and rural respondents.
- 33.
Karl Gunnar Myrdal (Sweden), The Challenge of World Poverty: A World Anti-Poverty Program in Outline, Capital University of Economics and Business Press, 1991.
- 34.
The Six Elements of Targeted Poverty Alleviation include that the recipients are those in need, the projects are adapted to the eligible recipients, the funds are effectively used, appropriate measures are taken for individual households, capable workers are dispatched to individual villages, and the results of poverty alleviation reach expectations.
- 35.
For details, please refer to the content of “establishing a fairer and more sustainable social security system” on “the CPC Central Committee Recommendations for the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development”.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 China Social Sciences Press
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wang, Y. (2022). Analysis of Anti-poverty Through Social Security in Ethnic Minority Areas. In: Social and Economic Stimulating Development Strategies for China’s Ethnic Minority Areas. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5504-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5504-4_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-5503-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-5504-4
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)