Abstract
Urban green spaces (UGS) are freely accessible private, communal or publicly owned areas in urban settings covered with vegetation and wetlands generally used for recreation. Physical activities (e.g. walking, jogging), leisure, and social gatherings in UGS bring positive health and well-being benefits. In this chapter, drawing evidence from two studies in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, illustrates respondents’ perception of the well-being outcomes of UGS. The respondents reported that the UGS (e. g. parks) provided a place for jogging, cycling, coming close to nature, meeting friends, and children’s opportunity for physical exercise. They believed that physical activities in UGS had a positive contribution to overall well-being through stress reduction, mindfulness, physical fitness, and body weight control. In light of the study results, we suggest that Malaysia can look forward to the promotion of and support for UGS as a crucial public health program.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aida, N., Sasidhran, S., Kamarudin, N., Aziz, N., Puan, C. L., & Azhar, B. (2016). Woody trees, green space and park size improve avian biodiversity in urban landscapes of Peninsular Malaysia. Ecological Indicators, 69, 176–183.
Atmis, E. (2016). Development of urban forest governance in Turkey. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 19, 158–166.
Arnberger, A. (2012). Urban densification and recreational quality of public urban green spaces—A Viennese case study. Sustainability, 4(4), 703–720.
Bancroft, C., Joshi, S., Rundle, A., Hutson, M., Chong, C., Weiss, C. C., Genkinger, J., Neckerman, K., & Lovasi, G. (2015). Association of proximity and density of parks and objectively measured physical activity in the United States: A systematic review. Social Science and Medicine, 138, 22–30.
Barton, J., & Pretty, J. (2010). What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis. Environmental Science and Technology, 44, 3947–3955.
Bratman, G. N., Hamilton, J. P., & Daily, G. C. (2012). The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Annals of NY Academy of Sciences, 1249, 118–136.
Braubach, M., Egorov, A., Mudu, P., Wolf, T., Thompson, C. W., & Martuzzi, M. (2017). Effects of urban green space on environmental health, equity and resilience. Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation in urban areas, (pp. 187–205). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56091-5, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56091-5_11. Accessed 12 January 2020.
Carmona, M. (2019). Place value: Place quality and its impact on health, social, economic and environmental outcomes. Journal of Urban Design, 24(1), 1–48.
Chang, H.-S., & Chen, T.-L. (2015). Decision Making on Allocating Urban Green Spaces Based upon Spatially-Varying Relationships between Urban Green Spaces and Urban Compaction Degree. Sustainability, 7, 13399–13415.
Cilliers, E. J. (2015). A Framework for Planning Green Spaces in Rural South Africa. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 4, 80–86.
Coley, R. L., Kuo, F. E., & Sullivan, W. C. (1997). Where does community grow? The social context created by nature in urban public housing. Environmental Behaviour, 29, 468–494.
Denga, J., & IIb, R.A., & Pierskalla, C. (2017). Visitors’ and residents’ perceptions of urban forests for leisure in Washington. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 28, 1–11.
Dinnie, E., Brown, K. M., & Morris, S. (2013). Community, cooperation and conflict: Negotiating the social well-being benefits of urban greenspace experiences. Landscape Urban Planning, 112, 1–9.
Douglas, O., Lennon, M., & Scott, M. (2017). Green space benefits for health and well-being: A life-course approach for urban planning, design and management. Cities, 66, 53–62.
Duinker, P.N., Ordóñez, C., Steenberg, J.W.N., Miller, K.H., Toni, S.A., & Nitoslawski, S.A. (2015). Trees in Canadian cities: indispensable life form for urban sustainability. Sustainability, 7, 7379–7396.
Florindo, A. A., Barrozo, L. V., Cabral-Miranda, W., Rodrigues, E. Q., Turrell, G., Goldbaum, M., Cesar, C. L. G., & Giles-Corti, B. (2017). Public open spaces and leisure-time walking in Brazilian adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14, 553.
FMT. (2017). Report: 80% of Malaysia will be urban by 2030. Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved July 14, 2019 from https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2017/01/19/report-80-of-malaysia-will-be-urban-by-2030/
Gashu, K., Gebre-Egziabher, T., & Wubneh, M. (2019). Local communities’ perceptions and use of urban green infrastructure in two Ethiopian cities: Bahir Dar and Hawassa. Journal of Environmental Planning & Management, 63(2), 287–316.
Gladwell, V. F., Brown, D. K., Barton, J. L., Tarvainen, M. P., Kuoppa, P., Pretty, J., Suddaby, J. M., & Sandercock, G. R. H. (2012). The effects of views of nature on autonomic control. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112, 3379–3386.
Groenewegen, P. P., et al. (2012). Is a green residential environment better for health? If so, why? Annals of the Association of American Geography, 102(5), 996–1003.
Hamer, M., & Chida, Y. (2008). Walking and primary prevention: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 42, 238–243.
Haq, S. M. (2011). Urban green spaces and an integrative approach to sustainable environment. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2, 601–608.
Hooper, P., Boruff, B., Beesley, B., Badland, H., & Giles-Corti, B. (2018). Testing spatial measures of public open space planning standards with walking and physical activity health outcomes: Findings from the Australian national liveability study. Landscape and Urban Planning, 171, 57–67.
Horiuchi, M., Endo, J., Akatsuka, S., Uno, T., Hasegawa, T., & Seko, Y. (2013). Influence of forest walking on blood pressure, profile of mood states and stress markers from the viewpoint of aging. Journal of Aging & Gerontology, 1, 9–17.
Jackson, L. E., Daniel, J., McCorkle, B., Sears, A., & Bush, K. F. (2013). Linking ecosystem services and human health: The Eco-health relationship browser. International Journal of Public Health, 58, 747–755.
Jennings, V., Larson, L., & Yun, J. (2016). Advancing sustainability through urban green space: Cultural ecosystem services, equity, and social determinants of health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13, 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13020196
Jennings, V., & Bamkole, O. (2019). The relationship between social cohesion and urban green space: An avenue for health promotion. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, 452; doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030452.
Jiang, B., Schmillen, R., & Sullivan, W. C. (2018). How to waste a break: Using portable electronic devices substantially counteracts attention enhancement effects of green spaces. Environmental Behaviour, 0013916518788603,. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916518788603
Kanniah, K. D. (2017). Quantifying green cover change for sustainable urban planning: A case of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysia Sustainable Cities Program, Working Paper Series. https://scienceimpact.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/Kanniah.pdf
Karuppannan, S., Baharuddin, Z., Sivam, A., & Daniels, C. (2014). Urban Green Space and Urban Biodiversity: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Journal of Sustainable Development, 7, 1–16.
KL Calling. (2016). KL calling investor’s guide. http://cdn.ey.com/echannel/my/EY-kl-calling-an-investor-guide-2016.pdf.
Koohsari, M. J., Badland, H., Mavoa, S., Villanueva, K., Francis, J., Hooper, P., Owen, N., & Giles-Corti, B. (2018). Are public open space attributes associated with walking and depression? Cities, 74, 119–125.
Koohsari, M. J., Mavoa, S., Villanueva, K., Sugiyama, K., Badland, H., Kaczynski, A. T., Owen, N., & Giles-Corti, B. (2015). Public open space, physical activity, urban design and public health: Concepts, methods and research agenda. Health & Place, 33, 75–82.
Labib, S. M., Lindley, S., & Huck, J. J. (2019). Spatial dimensions of the influence of urban green-blue spaces on human health: A systematic review. Environmental Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108869
Lachowycz, K., & Jones, A. P. (2011). Greenspace and obesity: A systematic review of the evidence. Obesity Reviews, 12, e183–e189.
Lamb, K. E., Mavoa, S., Coffee, N. T., Parker, K., Richardson, E. A., & Thornton, L. E. (2019). Public open space exposure measures in Australian health research: A critical review of the literature. Geographical Research, 57(1), 67–83.
Latiff, A. (2012). Role and functions of Kota Damansara Forest Reserve, Selangor as a community forest in biodiversity education, research and conservation in an urban setting. In: Prosiding ekspedisi saintifik kepelbagaian biology- Hutan Simpan Kota Damansara, Selangor (pp 42–51). Selangor State Forestry Department, Malaysia.
Lee, A., & Maheswaran, R. (2010). The health benefits of urban green spaces: A review of the evidence. Journal of Public Health, 33, 212–222.
Lee, J., Park, B. J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Ohira, T., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2011). Effect of forest bathing on physiological and psychological responses in young Japanese male subjects. Public Health, 125, 93–100.
Lee, A. C. K., Jordan, H. C., & Horsley, J. (2015). Value of urban green spaces in promoting healthy living and wellbeing: Prospects for planning. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 8, 131–137.
Lee, Y., & Kim, K. (2015). Attitudes of Citizens towards Urban Parks and Green Spaces for Urban Sustainability: The Case of Gyeongsan City, Republic of Korea. Sustainability, 7, 8240–8254.
Mackay, M. J., & Neill, J. T. (2010). The effect of “green exercise” on state anxiety and the role of exercise duration, intensity, and greenness: A quasi-experimental study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11, 238–245.
Maryanti, M. R., Khadijah, H., Uzair, A. M., & Ghazali, M.A.R.M.M. (2017). The urban green space provision using the standards approach: issues and challenges of its implementation in Malaysia. In: Brebbia, C. A., Zubir, S. S., Hassan, A.S., (eds) WIT Transactions on ecology and the environment, WIT Press, UK. 210, 369–379.
Mytton, O. T., Nick, T., & Foster, H. C. (2012). Green space and physical activity: An observational study using Health Survey for England data. Health & Place, 18, 1034–1041.
Nath, T. K., S. S. Zhe Han, & Lechner, A. M. (2018). Urban green space and well-being in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 36, 34–41.
Nath, T. K., & M. Magendran (2020): Urban Community Forest in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Current Management, Public Uses and Willingness Toward Conservation. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2020.1796709.
NEA (National Ecosystem Assessment). (2011). UK National Ecosystem Assessment. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. http://uknea.unep-wcmc.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=m%2BvhAV3c9uk%3D&tabid=82
Nor Akmar, A. A., Konijnendijk, C.C., Stigsdotter, U.K., & Nillson, K. (2012). Malaysian case studies on the relation between the use of green space and health promotion. Alam Cipta, 5, June 2012.
Nor Akmar, A. A., Konijnendijk, C. C., Sreetheran, M., & Nilsson, K. (2011). Greenspace Planning and Management in Klang Valley, Peninsular Malaysia. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 37, 99–107.
Paul, S., & Nagendra, H. (2017). Factors Influencing Perceptions and Use of Urban Nature: Surveys of Park Visitors in Delhi. Land, 6, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/land6020027
Peters, K., Elands, B., & Buijs, A. (2010). Social interactions in urban parks: Stimulating social cohesion? Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 9, 93–100.
Pretty, J., Barton, J., Colbeck, I., Hine, R., Mourato, S., Mackerron, G., & Wood, C. (2011). Health values from ecosystems. Chapter 32. In: National ecosystem assessment. London: Defra; p. 1153–1181.
Pretty, J., Barton, J., Bharucha, Z. P., Bragg, R., Pencheon, D., Wood, C., & Depledge, M. H. (2016). Improving health and well-being independently of GDP: Dividends of greener and prosocial economies. International Journal of Environmental Health & Research, 26, 11–36.
Pretty, J. (2017). Manifesto for the green mind. Resurgence & Ecologist, 301, 18–21.
Prezza, M., Amici, M., Roberti, T., & Tedeschi, G. (2001). Sense of community referred to the whole town: Its relations with neighboring, loneliness, life satisfaction, and area of residence. Journal of Community Psychology, 29, 29–52.
Project Evergreen. (2017). Economic Benefits of Green Spaces. http://projectevergreen.org/resources/economic-benefits-of-green-spaces/
Regeneris Consulting. (2009). The Economic Contribution of the Mersey Forest’s Objective One-Funded Investments. Regeneris Consulting Ltd, Cheshire, the UK.
Richardson, E. A., Pearce, J., Mitchell, R., & Kingham, S. (2013). Role of physical activity in the relationship between urban green space and health. Public Health, 127, 318–324.
Roe, J. J., Ward, T. C., Aspinall, P. A., Brewer, M. J., Duff, E. I., Miller, D., Mitchell, R., & Clow, A. (2013). Green space and stress: Evidence from cortisol measures in deprived urban communities. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 10, 4086–4103.
Saraev, V. (2012). Economic benefits of greenspace: a critical assessment of evidence of net economic benefits Forestry Commission Research Report. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh.
Shaharuddin, M.I., Latiff, A. & Muda, Y. (2012). Forestry in the colonial Selangor and its implications to biodiversity conservation in peninsular Malaysia. In Prosiding ekspedisi saintifik kepelbagaian biology- Hutan Simpan Kota Damansara, Selangor (pp 27–41). Selangor State Forestry Department, Malaysia.
Silva, R. A., Rogers, K., & Buckley, T. J. (2018). Advancing environmental epidemiology to assess the beneficial influence of the natural environment on human health and well-being. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(17), 9545–9555.
Subramanian, D., & Jana, A. (2018). Assessing urban recreational open spaces for the elderly: A case of three Indian cities. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 35, 115–128.
Sugiyama, T., Francis, J., Middleton, N. J., Owen, N., & Giles-Corti, B. (2010). Associations between recreational walking and attractiveness, size, and proximity of neighborhood open spaces. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 1752–1757.
Sulaiman, N., Mohamad, N., Tahir, A.B.M. & Abdullah, M. (2012). Butterfly fauna (Lepidoptera:Rhopalocera) of Kota Damansara Forest Reserve, Selangor. In Prosiding ekspedisi saintifik kepelbagaian biology- Hutan Simpan Kota Damansara, Selangor (pp101–109). Selangor State Forestry Department, Malaysia.
Thompson Coon, J., Boddy, K., Stein, K., Whear, R., Barton, J., & Depledge, M. H. (2011). Does participating in physical activity in outdoor natural environments have a greater effect on physical and mental wellbeing than physical activity indoors? A systematic review. Environmental Science & Technology, 45, 1761–1772.
Van Hecke, L., Ghekiere, A., Veitch, J., Van Dyck, D., Van Cauwenberg, J., Clarys, P., & Deforche, B. (2018). Public open space characteristics influencing adolescents’ use and physical activity: A systematic literature review of qualitative and quantitative studies. Health & Place, 51, 158–173.
Vaz, J., & Lim T. W. (2012). Realising our shared vision for the Kota Damansara Forest Reserve, Selangor. In Prosiding ekspedisi saintifik kepelbagaian biology- Hutan Simpan Kota Damansara, Selangor (pp 176–183). Selangor State Forestry Department, Malaysia.
Villanueva, K., Badland, H., Hooper, P., Koohsari, M. J., Mavoa, S., Davern, M., Roberts, R., Goldfeld, S., & Giles-Corti, B. (2015). Develo** indicators of public open space to promote health and wellbeing in communities. Applied Geography, 57, 112–119.
Ward-Thompson, C., Roe, J., Aspinall, P., Mitchell, R., Clow, A., & Miller, D. (2012). More green space is linked to less stress in deprived communities: Evidence from salivary cortisol patterns. Landscape & Urban Planning, 105, 221–229.
White, M. P., Elliott, L. R., Taylor, T., Wheeler, B. W., Spencer, A., Bone, A., Depledge, M. H., & Fleming, L. E. (2016). Recreational physical activity in natural environments and implications for health: A population based cross-sectional study in England. Preventive Medicine, 91, 383–388.
White, M. P., Pahl, S., Ashbullby, K., Herbert, S., & Depledge, M. H. (2013). Feelings of restoration from recent nature visits. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 35, 40–51.
Wood, L., Hooper, P., Foster, S., & Bull, F. (2017). Public green spaces and positive mental health – investigating the relationship between access, quantity and types of parks and mental wellbeing. Health & Place, 48, 63–71.
World Data Atlas-Malaysia. (2021). Malaysia urban population as a share of total population. https://knoema.com/atlas/Malaysia/Urban-population#:~:text=In%202020%2C%20urban%20population%20for,defined%20by%20national%20statistical%20offices.
Yung, E. H. K., Conejos, S., & Chan, E. H. W. (2016). Social needs of the elderly and active aging in public open spaces in urban renewal. Cities, 52, 114–122.
Zhang, W., Yang, J., Ma, L., & Huang, C. (2015). Factors affecting the use of urban green spaces for physical activities: Views of young urban residents in Bei**g. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 14, 851–857.
Zhu, Bo-Wei., Zhang, Jia-Rui., Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung, Huang, Shan-Lin., & **ong, L. (2017). Public open space development for elderly people by using the DANP-V model to establish continuous improvement strategies towards a sustainable and healthy aging society. Sustainability, 9, 420. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030420.
Zupancic, T., Kingsley, M., Jason, T., & Macfarlane, R. (2015). Green City: Why Nature Matters to Health-An Evidence Review September 2015. Toronto Public Health, 1, 1–22.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nath, T.K. (2022). Urban Green Space, Green Exercise and Health Outcomes: Evidence from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In: Maruthaveeran, S., Chen, W.Y., Morgenroth, J. (eds) Urban Forestry and Arboriculture in Malaysia. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5418-4_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5418-4_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-5417-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-5418-4
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)