Abstract
The activity data of Japanese Energy Carrier Program (2013–2019) are reviewed briefly. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake was the impetus for proposing a new energy carrier program. Its relation to the existing long-term energy development program is described. Among the “SIP (Strategic Innovative Program) Energy Carrier Program,” an ammonia study received a large budget allocation in the last stage because of its importance. The standard ammonia process from natural gas, which has the advantage of using air (mixture of nitrogen and oxygen) as a resource, is illustrated. The pure CO2 by-product is easily passed to carbon capture and storage (CCS) to obtain blue ammonia. The standard ammonia process using renewable power through water electrolysis (green ammonia) also is illustrated. The characteristic feature of both processes is reviewed, and analyzed thermodynamically, and rough carbon footprints are proposed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Example: World energy network program (WE-NET) from 1993
Kato Y, organizer (2022) Part II Solar heat storage (chapter 5–8). In: Aika K, Kobayashi H (eds) CO2 free ammonia as an energy carrier- Japan’s insights. Springer
Inagaki Y, Sakaba N, organizer (2022) Part III. Advanced hydrogen production through electrolysis and thermochemical reaction (chapter 9–15). In: Aika K, Kobayashi H (eds) CO2 free ammonia as an energy carrier—Japan’s insights. Springer
Shiozawa B (2022) The potential of ammonia as CO2 free-fuel and hydrogen carrier (chapter 3). In: Aika K, Kobayashi H (eds) CO2 free ammonia as an energy carrier—Japan’s insights. Springer
SIP energy carrier promotion committee on Jan. 16th, 2017: from CAO (Kyuma K, Muraki S, Tanaka N, Matsumoto E, Takegami I, O-hora T, Shiozawa B, Aika K), from MEXT (Aizawa M, Ono M, Koga A, Miyazaki S), from METI (Kuriyama N, Okada T, Murayama M, Katayama H, Ohira H), from other ministries (Suzuki T, Tabuchi K, Ikemoto T, Matsuoka S), Industry & academy (Eguchi K, Kawai T, Kikukawa T, Saito K)
Miyake A, Taniguchi S, Nakanoh A, Takanohashi T, Matsubara T, Deguchi S CAO logistics members
Aika K, Uedono N, Takasu Y, Fuchigami T, Matsukata M, Shimada H, Makino H, Ishii S, Akai Y, Iijima M, Matsumoto S, Yakabe H Execution & evaluation committee
Koga A, Kaibe K, Ohya M, Miyazaki S, Umezawa J, Aoyama K, Edera M, Ishimura Y, Iwatake N, Katsumura A, Ishizuki M, Minami T, Fukuyama Y, Kon F JST logistics members
Bridger GW, Gadsby RE, Ridler DE (1979) High-pressure ammonia synthesis and plant operation. In: Hardy RWF, Bottomley F, Burns RC (eds) A TREATISE ON DINITROGEN FIXATION, sections 1 and 2, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and Biochemistry. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, pp 291–332
Finneran JA, Czuppon TA (1979) Economics of production and consumption of ammonia. In: Hardy RWF, Bottomley F, Burns RC (eds) A TREATISE ON DINITROGEN FIXATION, sections 1 and 2, Inorganic and physical chemistry and biochemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp 333–382
Hooper CW (1991) Ammonia synthesis: commercial practice. In: Jennings JR (ed) Catalytic ammonia synthesis. Fundamentals and practice, Plenum Press 7:253–283
Dybkjaer I (1995) Ammonia production processes. In: Nielsen A (ed) Ammonia, catalysis and manufacture. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 199–327 (ISBN 3–540–58335–1)
Aika K (2013) Expecting new technology of ammonia synthesis catalysts: utilizing renewable energy. PETROTECH 36:271–277
Quartulli J, Wagener D (1973) Erdoel Kohle, Erdgas. Petrochem Brenns Chem 26(4):192
Smith C, Hill AK, Torrente-Murciano L (2020) Current and future role of Haber-Bosch ammonia in a carbon-free energy landscape. Energy Env Sci 13:331–344
Aika K (2016) Expecting LCA data of energy carrier: CO2 free hydrogen and ammonia as examples. J LCA Japan 12(3):1–9
Anderson H (2002) Norsk Hydro, World hydrogen energy conference, Montreal
McFarlan A (2012) Canmet ENERGY. 9th annual ammonia fuel conference, San Antonio, TX, Oct 1st
Aika K, Inazu K, Sugimoto M (2021) Manufacture of CO2 free ammonia: challenge and prospect. 127th meeting of Cat Soc Japan 2P15
Onozaki M, Makino H, Mochida I (2015) Significance and outline of the project: development of next-generation IGCC with CO2 capture; oxy-fuel IGCC. J Japan Inst Energ 94(1):218–223
Aika K (2016) Background of SIP energy carrier program and technology of synthesis and utilization of ammonia. Chem Eng 80(7):402–405
Aguila J (2013) The 10th annual ammonia fuel conference, Sacramento, CA, USA
Kudoh Y, Ozawa A (2022) Life cycle carbon dioxide emissions from ammonia-based power generation technology (chapter 46). In: Aika K, Kobayashi H (eds) CO2 free ammonia as an energy carrier—Japan’s insights, Springer
Aika K (2013) Challenges and prospect of ammonia synthesis process through renewable energy. 45th Fall Meeting Chem Eng Soc, Sep 18th Okayama
Ennis R, Lesur PF (1977) How small NH3 plants compete. Hydrocarbon Processing. Dec, pp 121–124
Schmidt O, Gambhir A, Staffell I, Hawkes A, Nelson J, Few S (2017) Future cost and performance of water electrolysis: an expert elicitation study. Intern J Hydrogen Energ 42:30470–30492
Aika K, Kakegawa T (1991) On-site ammonia synthesis in De-NOx process. Catal Today 10:73–80
Liu CY, Aika K (2004) Effect of the Cl/Br molar ratio of a CaCl2-CaBr2 mixture used as an ammonia storage material. Ind Eng Chem Res 43(22):6994–7000
Malmali M, Reese M, McCormick AV, Cussler EL (2018) Converting wind energy to ammonia at lower pressure. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6(1):827–834
Smith C, Hill AK, Torrente-Murciano L (2020) Current and future role of Haber-Bosch ammonia in a carbon-free energy landscape. Energ Envir Sci 13:331–344
Grundt T, Christiansen K (1982) Hydrogen by water electrolysis as bases for small scale ammonia production—a comparison with hydrocarbon based technologies. Intern J Hydrogen Energ 7(3):247–257
Aika K, Fujimura Y (2022) Part IV CO2 free ammonia synthesis under industrial conditions (chapter 16–21). In: Aika K, Kobayashi H (eds) CO2 free ammonia as an energy carrier—Japan’s insights. Springer
Nakamura N (2008) Method of storing solar heat energy. JP 2009197733A; Method of converting solar heat energy, WO 2009104813A1
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Aika, Ki. (2023). Brief Review of the Japanese Energy Carrier Program and an Energy Science View of Fuel Ammonia. In: Aika, Ki., Kobayashi, H. (eds) CO2 Free Ammonia as an Energy Carrier. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4767-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4767-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-4766-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-4767-4
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)