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Prediction and Optimization of Thermophysical Properties of Hybrid Cellulose Nanocrystal-Copper (II) Oxide Nanolubricant for Tribology Application

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Proceedings of the 2nd Energy Security and Chemical Engineering Congress

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering ((LNME))

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Abstract

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used in conjunction with the miscellaneous design model to identify prediction models for the thermophysical properties of a hybrid cellulose nanocrystal-copper (II) oxide nanolubricant. Minitab 18 statistical analysis software and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD) were utilised to generate an empirical mathematical model investigating the effect of concentration and temperature. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to validate the significance of the developed empirical mathematical model. Thirteen experiments were conducted to obtain second-order polynomial equations for the desired specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity, outputs. The predicted values were found to be in reasonable agreement following the investigational finding. In addition, the models could predict more than 80% of the nanolubricant output variations, indicating that the model is accurate. In the optimization plot, the predicted optimal values for dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity are 2.3631, 0.1463, and 1.6311, respectively. The relevant parameters are 90 °C and 0.1 for temperature and concentration, respectively. The plotted composite is 0.6531. The findings of the percentage of absolute error (POAE) reveal that the model may precisely predict the optimum experimental parameters.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by University Malaysia Pahang [grant number RDU192402]. “Mohd Kamal bin Kamarulzaman” is the recipient of the UMP Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Research.

Credit Authorship Contribution Statement

Sakinah Hisham: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data Curation, Writing—Original Draft, Visualization. K. Kadirgama, D. Ramasamy, M. Samykano: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing—Review and Editing, Visualization, Supervision. N. W. Awang: Conceptualization, Investigation. Mohd Kamal Kamarulzaman: Conceptualization.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Sakinah Hisham, K. Kadirgama & N. W. Awang

  2. Advanced Nano Coolant-Lubricant (ANCL) Lab, Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Sakinah Hisham, K. Kadirgama, D. Ramasamy & Mohd Kamal Kamarulzaman

  3. College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

    D. Ramasamy & M. Samykano

  4. Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin, 23000, Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia

    N. W. Awang

Authors
  1. Sakinah Hisham
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  2. K. Kadirgama
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  3. D. Ramasamy
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  4. M. Samykano
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  5. N. W. Awang
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  6. Mohd Kamal Kamarulzaman
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohd Kamal Kamarulzaman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Nasrul Hadi Johari

  2. Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Wan Azmi Wan Hamzah

  3. Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Mohd Fairusham Ghazali

  4. Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Herma Dina Setiabudi

  5. Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Sudhakar Kumarasamy

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Hisham, S., Kadirgama, K., Ramasamy, D., Samykano, M., Awang, N.W., Kamarulzaman, M.K. (2023). Prediction and Optimization of Thermophysical Properties of Hybrid Cellulose Nanocrystal-Copper (II) Oxide Nanolubricant for Tribology Application. In: Johari, N.H., Wan Hamzah, W.A., Ghazali, M.F., Setiabudi, H.D., Kumarasamy, S. (eds) Proceedings of the 2nd Energy Security and Chemical Engineering Congress. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4425-3_29

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4425-3_29

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-4424-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-4425-3

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