Abstract
This chapter discusses the transverse subdivisions, which are positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the neural tube. The medaka neural plate has five tissue compartments that are located rostrocaudally as early as at stage 16+. The neural rod at stage 19 has three transverse swellings or vesicles. By stage 24, these vesicles develop into five brain vesicles in the neural tube: the rostral brain vesicle develops into the telencephalon and most of the diencephalon, the intermediate brain vesicle into the mesencephalon and metencephalon, and the caudal brain vesicle into the myelencephalon. Developmental studies in amniote embryos have shown that several boundaries in these transverse subdivisions act as local signaling centers, also known as the secondary organizers. In the medaka neural tube, gene expression patterns show that the longitudinal axis bends sharply at the diencephalon (cephalic flexure) between stages 21 and 24 and rostrally ends near the bases of the optic stalks in the telo-diencephalic boundary region. The rostral structures, such as the telencephalon and optic vesicles, rotate ventralward during this period. The transverse subdivisions of the medaka neural tube are further divisible into smaller areas based on the expression patterns of various developmental genes and the locations of fiber tracts. These results approve neuromeric architecture of the vertebrate brains. Finally, we discuss the prosomeric model, which has been proposed mainly based on molecular, genetic, and developmental studies in amniote embryos.
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Ishikawa, Y., Yamamoto, N., Hagio, H. (2022). Subdivisions of Neural Tube along the Rostrocaudal Axis: Neuromeric Models. In: Brain Development of Medaka Fish. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4324-9_5
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