Abstract
What are the cultural underpinnings of the India-Southeast Asia relationship? This chapter explores the past’s significant cultural undercurrents that have shaped India’s inherent cultural relations with Southeast Asia over millennia. In doing so, it attempts to draw specific insights from the age-old relationship and contextualise it within India’s Look-Act East policy framework. The detailed historical account of the cultural linkages between the regions is beyond the scope of this book. As this is not a book of history, the historical part is dealt with only to provide the basic foundation for our understanding of the interregional relationship. As we know, this development has far-reaching implications, in regard to the future of India’s cultural relationships in general and for LEP-AEP in particular.
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Notes
- 1.
The complex technique used to create it includes tying strips of fibre around the unwoven threads of a textile before dyeing them in order to produce rich and intricate designs in the resulting fabric.
- 2.
- 3.
While Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam were French colonies, Burma, Singapore, Malaysia, and Brunei were British and Indonesia was Dutch colony. The Philippines was first under Spanish and later an American colony. Malacca was under the Portuguese from 1511 until the Dutch seized it in 1641.
- 4.
The Viet Cong gained de facto control when the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon collapsed on April 30, 1975. The governments of North and South Vietnam officially merged as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam over a year later, in July 1976. Cited in (Blank et al., 2015: 32).
- 5.
On 25 December 1978, Vietnamese forces launched an invasion of Kampuchea and captured Phnom Penh on 7 January 1979. India supported the Soviet bloc against most Western countries, China, and much of the rest of the international community. The Khmer Rouge regime in exile held Cambodia’s United Nations seat until 1993.
- 6.
The expansion of the Indian Navy in the 1980s with Soviet help and the responses it received, particularly from Southeast Asia, has been discussed in detail in (Naidu, 2000).
- 7.
MEA (1996: 17).
- 8.
Speech by President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam at the Banquet hosted by the President of the Philippines. Manila, February 6, 2006, in Bhasin, A.S. (ed) INDIA’S FOREIGN RELATIONS—2006 DOCUMENTS. Geetika Publishers. Available at https://www.mea.gov.in/images/pdf/main_2006.pdf.
- 9.
For, non-Western societies like India and the countries of Southeast Asia, modernisation not-necessarily imply westernisation but does include some of its pluralistic features (Lal, 2000: 22).
- 10.
Cited in Blank et al. (2015: 27).
- 11.
The Garuda is a figure from both Hindu and Buddhist mythology as the vahana (vehicle) of the god Vishnu.
- 12.
For instance, Yusuf Iqbal Mahendra, Irfan Aditya Dharma etc., are names of Muslim men and Sri Khadijah, Khoirunissa Nur Saraswati etc., are names of Muslim women in Indonesia.
- 13.
It is worth mentioning here that the ancient name for today’s Odisha was Kalinga, a region that had a long history of maritime activities with Southeast Asia.
- 14.
It is a traditional Odia fair which commemorates the lost glory of the state’s maritime heritage held on the sands of the river Mahanadi. However, it has recently been misinterpreted as simply a “voyage to Bali”, the Indonesian island. For a more detailed discussion of its implications, see Chapter 3. Also see Dash (2019).
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Dash, S. (2023). The Past: Contextualising the Cultural Roots. In: Cultural Dimensions of India’s Look-Act East Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3529-9_2
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