Abstract
The biological state-of-the-art purification of wastewaters has gained momentum in recent times. The microalgal capability to reduce N and P contaminants, as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD), is implemented in wastewater treatment processes. This green microalgal strategy to integrate wastewater treatment and to achieve better energy efficiency mainly depends on the purpose, scalability, nutrient uptake of algal species and economic feasibility. Therefore, the microalgal approach is sustainable as compared to conventional methods of wastewater treatments because it generates no toxic waste and can grow in limited resources to meet the soaring energy demand of the world. In this chapter, we discuss the successful trials on pretreatment methods employing microalgae to treat a variety of wastewaters based on a different selection criterion. Further, we focused on different microalgae cultivation systems with an emphasis on their benefits and drawbacks. Then, a brief evaluation of the microalgae biorefinery technologies was done to generate renewable energy and high-value chemicals. Lastly, the challenges faced in integrated microalgal wastewater treatment processes were outlined for wide-scale applications on bioenergy production.
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Abbreviations
- BOD:
-
biological oxygen demand
- COD:
-
chemical oxygen demand
- MBWT:
-
microalgae-based wastewater treatment
- OP:
-
orthophosphates
- GS/GOGAT:
-
glutamine synthetase/glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase
- GDH:
-
glutamate dehydrogenase
- PWWs:
-
piggery wastewaters
- HRAP:
-
high-rate algal pond
- WWT HRAP:
-
wastewater treatment HRAP
- CSYE:
-
cattle standing yard effluent
- WSP:
-
waste stabilisation ponds
- PBR:
-
photobioreactor
- ATS:
-
algal turf scrubbers
- AMD:
-
acid mine drainage
- MFCs:
-
microbial fuel cells
- EAB:
-
electrochemically active bacteria
- ASP:
-
activated sludge process
- PMFCs:
-
photosynthetic microbial fuel cells
- SMFCs:
-
sediment microbial fuel cell
- EET:
-
extracellular electron transfer
- RNG:
-
renewable natural gas
- CNG:
-
compressed natural gas
- LNG:
-
liquefied natural gas
- LBM:
-
liquefied biomethane
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Parambath, S.D., Bhombal, Y., Kumar, A., Singh, M., Chavali, M., Chandrasekhar, K. (2022). The Multifaceted Microalgal Approach to Wastewater Treatment to Generate Energy and Essential Chemicals. In: Verma, P. (eds) Micro-algae: Next-generation Feedstock for Biorefineries. Clean Energy Production Technologies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0793-7_6
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