Abstract
This chapter aims to develop a typological approach for map**, describing, and classifying landscape character areas and types in the YRD region as a theoretical foundation for generating type-specific measures to ensure the permanence and resilience of historical cultural landscapes to new urban development in landscape architecture practice. The methods and outcomes of this approach are displayed according to the five stages of research: define purpose and scope, desk study, field survey, map**, description and classification, and practice. In the concluding part, ways of using the research outcomes will be discussed at the three levels deduced in this chapter: landscape conservation, transformation, and critical reconstruction.
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Notes
- 1.
In this work, both natural and man-made (relating to hydraulics) characteristics of cultural landscapes are studied. For the physiographic units, the term hydrological is used; when regarding man-made characteristics, following Wittfogel’s concept of “hydraulic empire/civilization” (Wittfogel 1981), the term hydraulic is used.
- 2.
Both two paper maps were scanned and transformed to GIS to adjust the coordinate system to the WGS84. The ArcMap layers from the Taihu Basin Database (1995–2000) were also adjusted to the WGS84. This procedure prepared the two base maps and ArcMap layers for the next overlaying step. The two base maps were overlaid with the ArcMap layers of natural and hydrological morphologies in Adobe Illustrator: The contour lines of natural morphology were generated from the “DCW 1990 Countour Elevations” of the CHGIS dataset; the hydrological morphology was drawn based on the water layer from the Taihu Basin Database and was renewed according to the Atlas of the Yangtze River Delta 2015. The urbanized area, locations of cities, counties, and towns were drawn according to the Google Map 2015; the road network was obtained from the Open Street Map 2015.
- 3.
The Lake Area is not included as a landscape character area of Suzhou because it has a more or less natural lake landscape that is unlike the cultural landscapes of the other areas, with specific elements and structures.
- 4.
A random sampling is a method of gathering data in which the investigator makes selection by chance (Deming & Swaffield 2011).
- 5.
A representative sampling, the opposite of a random sampling, is a process of choosing data to draw statistical inferences via regarding a larger population. Representative approaches entail rigorous proportional and categorical choices of respondents, places, items, and other factors that are significantly influenced by the study’s conceptual assumptions (Deming & Swaffield 2011).
- 6.
Argan argues “the type is to be regarded as a scheme which is derived from reducing the whole of formal variants to a common basic form” (1996, p. 243).
- 7.
See Sect. 2.3.5. The early 1980s was defined as the dividing point in timeline between historical and contemporary landscapes.
- 8.
The results of the map** of landscape changes were achieved by teamwork in the Map** Seminar 2015.
- 9.
The study of parcellation patterns primarily focuses on the morphological characteristics of parcels. Land tenure is not discussed, as its characteristics are dynamic and complicated due to the land reforms and urbanization (from the collective ownership of rural land to the state ownership of urban land), especially after the 1950s.
- 10.
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**e, Y. (2022). Landscape Characterization, Typology, and Research-By-Design. In: Restructuring Cultural Landscapes in Metropolitan Areas. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0755-5_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0755-5_6
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