Abstract
This study evaluates the potential of using shape memory alloy (SMA) dowels to develop self-centering wood-steel-wood connections in braced timber frames. First, the behaviour of SMA dowels in bending is established experimentally by performing three-point bending tests on SMA bars under monotonic and one-way cyclic loading. The ability of the superelastic SMA bars to regain their shape after undergoing large bending deformations is evaluated to help determine the feasibility of using SMAs as dowels. Preliminary tests show that SMAs offer promising self-centering abilities when subjected to one-way cyclic bending. Based on the observed SMA behaviour, two-dimensional finite element models of a wood-steel-wood connection are developed in Abaqus to simulate the behaviour of braced timber frame connections under earthquake loading. Analysis results show that SMAs can significantly reduce residual displacements when compared to traditional steel dowels.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abaqus (2017) Abaqus materials guide. Dassault Systèmes, United States of America. https://abaqus-docs.mit.edu/2017/English/SIMACAEMATRefMap/simamat-c-superelasticity.htm#hj-top
ASTM (2017) Standard test method for determining bending yield moment of Nails. ASTMF1575–17, West Conshohocken, PA, ASTM
ASTM (2019) Standard test methods for cyclic (reversed) load test for shear resistance of vertical elements of the lateral force resisting systems for buildings. ASTME2126–19, West Conshohocken, PA, ASTM
Blomgren HE, Koppits JP, Valdes AD, Ko E (2016) The heavy timber buckling-restrained braced frame as a solution for commercial buildings in regions of high seismicity. World Conference on Timber Engineering. Vienna, Austria, pp 3483–3492
Chang HS, Huang H (2017) Seismic resilience timber connection – adoption of shape memory alloy tubes as dowels. Struct Control Health Monit, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 24:e1980
Chen Z, Popovski M (2020) Expanding wood use towards 2025: seismic performance of braced mass timber frames – year 2. Project No. 301013618. FPInnovations Vancouver, BC
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) (2017) Engineering design in wood (CSA 086–14). CSA Group. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Di Cesare A, Ponzo FC, Lamarucciola N, Nigro D (2020) Experimental seismic response of a resilient 3-storey post-tensioned timber framed building with dissipative braces. Bull Earthq Eng 18:6825–6848
Fang C, Yam CM, Ma H, Chung KF (2013) Tests on superelastic Ni-Ti SMA bars under cyclic tension and direct shear: towards practical recentring connections. RILEM: Materials and Structures 48:1013–1030
Fang C, Wang W (2020) Shape memory alloys for seismic resilience. Springer, Singapore
Janssens SB (2017) Numerical modelling of dowelled connections in laminated veneer lumber. PhH diss, Delft University of Technology
Miller DJ, Fahnestock LA, Eatherton MR (2012) Development and experimental validation of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy self-centering buckling-restrained brace. Engineering structures, Elsevier, 40:288–298
Miller S, Woods JE, Erochko J, Lau DT, Gilbert CF (2020) Experimental and analytical fragility assessment of a combined heavy timber-steel-braced frame through hybrid simulation. Earthquake Engng Struct Dyn 50:270–289
Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes (CCBFC), and National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) (2015) National Building Code of Canada (NBCC). The Council, Ottawa
Qiu C, Zhu S (2017) Shake table test and numerical study of self-centering steel frame with SMA braces. Earthquake Eng Struct Dynam 46:117–137
Schreyer AC (2002) Monotonic and cyclic behaviour of slender dowel-type fasteners in wood-steel-wood connections. Retrospective Theses and Dissertations, 1919–2007, T, University of British Columbia. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0103844
Seo J, Kim YC, Hu JW (2015) Pilot study for investigating the cyclic behavior of slit damper systems with recentering SMA bending bars used for seismic restrainers. Appl Sci 5:187–208
Zhang J, He M-J, Li Z (2018) Numerical analysis on tensile performance of bolted glulam joints with initial local cracks. J Wood Sci 64:364–376
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Canadian Society for Civil Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cléroux, M., Kim, E., Lacroix, D. (2023). Investigation of the Potential of Using Shape Memory Alloy Dowels in Traditional Timber Connections. In: Walbridge, S., et al. Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering Annual Conference 2021 . CSCE 2021. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 241. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0511-7_51
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0511-7_51
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-0510-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-0511-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)