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Soil Microbial Enzymes and Mitigation of Heavy Metal Uptake by Plants

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Ecological Interplays in Microbial Enzymology

Part of the book series: Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology ((EMB))

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Abstract

Heavy metals are contaminants that cause immense environmental problems as they are harmful to humans, animals, plant health, and the environment at large. The activities of hydrolytic enzymes and ligninolytic oxidases and peroxidases directly affect the rates of conversion of soil biopolymers into compounds that are accessible to microorganisms and plants. The role of plants and microorganisms in the biotransformation of heavy metals into nontoxic forms is well recognized, and understanding the molecular mechanisms of metal accumulation has numerous biotechnological implications in bioremediation of metal-contaminated sites. The process of bioremediation uses various agents such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi, algae, and higher plants as key tools in treating oil spills and heavy metals present in the environment. As a result of increasing metal concentrations in the soil due to either natural or anthropogenic contamination, it has been found that soil enzyme activities are influenced by different metals in diverse ways, depending on the type of metal and the metal salt. However, soil characteristics such as pH, clay content, and soil organic matter (OM) can change the negative or positive impacts of heavy metals on soil enzymes. Therefore, monitoring changes in soil metal content, an assessment of changes in soil enzyme activities, would be a useful tool for monitoring soil quality and fertility under heavy metal pollution. This absolutely depends on the enzyme, the metal, and its concentration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Development and Management, Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute (ARMTI), Ilorin, Nigeria

    Olaniran Victor Olagoke & Gabriel Gbenga Babaniyi

  2. Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development, Agency, Nigeria

    Femi J. Afolabi & Babafemi Raphael Babaniyi

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  1. Olaniran Victor Olagoke
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  2. Gabriel Gbenga Babaniyi
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  3. Femi J. Afolabi
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  1. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador

    Naga Raju Maddela

  2. Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

    Aransiola Sesan Abiodun

  3. Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi University, Bihar, India

    Ram Prasad

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Olagoke, O.V., Babaniyi, G.G., Afolabi, F.J., Babaniyi, B.R. (2022). Soil Microbial Enzymes and Mitigation of Heavy Metal Uptake by Plants. In: Maddela, N.R., Abiodun, A.S., Prasad, R. (eds) Ecological Interplays in Microbial Enzymology. Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0155-3_11

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