Abstract
The 14th G20 Summit was held in Osaka, Japan from June 28 to 29, 2019. President ** and heads of governments from many countries attended the summit.
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Notes
- 1.
He (2017).
- 2.
Zhinan and Yue (2011).
- 3.
Cao and Xu (2018).
- 4.
Wilson (2011).
- 5.
Cotton (2013a).
- 6.
Wang and Wang (2014).
- 7.
[Sweden] Invar Karlsson, [Guyana] Shridat Lanfal, edited by “Our Global Neighborhood: A Report of the Global Governance Committee”, translated by Zhao Zhongqiang and Li Zhengling, Bei**g: China Translation and Publishing Corporation, 1995 Version 1, page 2. For the English version, see Our Global Neighborhood: The Report of the Commission on Global Governance, http://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/global-neighbourhood/.
- 8.
Yu (2000, 2004).
- 9.
Zhang (2016).
- 10.
Yu Yongding, “The G20 and China: a Chinese perspective,” L20 Project, 2004, https://www.uvic.ca/research/centres/globalstudies/assets/docs/publications/G20andChina.pdf.
- 11.
Li (2009).
- 12.
Hajnal (2007).
- 13.
[Turkey] Feride (2017).
- 14.
Canrong (2009).
- 15.
Suquan (2009).
- 16.
The internal system consists of four levels, namely (1) Leadership Summit, (2) Coordinator Meeting, (3) Minister and Deputy Ministerial Meeting (Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meeting, Labor and Employment Ministry Zhang Meeting, and Trade Minister Meetings, Meetings of Ministers of Agriculture, Meetings of Ministers on Development Issues, Meetings of Ministers of Tourism, (6 types), (4) Expert Working Group meetings (employment working groups, development working groups, etc., 9 types in total). The peripheral system includes the G20 Business Summit, G20 Think Tank Summit, G20 Citizen Summit, G20 Women's Summit and other related special forums. See Chongyang Institute of Finance, Renmin University of China (2016).
- 17.
See Footnote 6. Hajnal (2019).
- 18.
“ICC summary of the St. Petersburg G20 Leaders’ Declaration,” International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), https://iccwbo.org/publication/icc-summary-of-the-st-petersburg-g20-leaders-declaration/. (Online time: April 17, 2019).
- 19.
Garrett (2010). David J. Lynch, “Economic growth is slowing all around the world,” The Washington Post, December 25, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/economic-growth-is-slowing-all-around-the-world/2018/12/25/e2337206-0491-11e9-b5df-5d3874f1ac36_story.html?utm_term=.4d4722cb3bc8. (Online time: April 19, 2019).
- 20.
Dong and Zhang (2017), **, Sharing the Responsibility of the Times and Promoting Global Development-Keynote Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the 2017 Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum, 3rd edn. (People’s Daily, Jan 18, 2017)" href="#ref-CR22" id="ref-link-section-d61315327e896">2017c).
- 26.
“**: Looking at the world, we are facing major changes unseen in a century”, China News Network, December 29, 2017, http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2017/12-29/8412268.shtml.
- 27.
Research Group of the Institute of World Politics, China Institute of Modern International Relations, Wang (2017).
- 28.
David J. Lynch, “Economic growth is slowing all around the world,” The Washington Post, December 25, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/economic-growth-is-slowing-all-around-the-world/2018/12/25/e2337206-0491-11e9-b5df-5d3874f1ac36_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.b2fa4b1d829e.
- 29.
“Slowbalisation: The steam has gone out of globalisation,” The Economist, January 24, 2019, https://www.economist.com/leaders/2019/01/24/the-steam-has-gone-out-of-globalisation.
- 30.
Chris Giles,“Global economy enters ‘synchronised slowdown’,” Financial Times, April 28, 2019, http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001082204/en?ccode=LanguageSwitch&exclusive. They believe that part of the reason for the decline in the index is that the hard data showing real economic activity has weakened, countries such as Italy have fallen into recession, Germany has barely avoided recession, and with Donald • The impact of Donald Thump's tax cuts has gradually disappeared, and the US economy has lost momentum.
- 31.
“World economy to slow down in 2019 due to trade wars: OECD,” Al Jazeera, November 21, 2018, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/11/world-economy-slow-2019-due-trade-wars-oecd-181121110001129.html.
- 32.
Kang (2018).
- 33.
Steve Liesman, “Trump’s protectionism biggest threat to US economy’s growth, CNBC Fed Survey respondents say,” CNBC, January 31, 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/30/trumps-protectionism-biggest-threat-to-us-economys-growth-cnbc-fed-survey-respondents-say.html.
- 34.
Zhang et al. (http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/qs/2019-03/31/c_1124302776.htm?from=timeline&isappinstalled=0. (Online time: March 31, 2019).
- 41.
Kirton (2013).
- 42.
He Yafei: “China should show leadership in the G20”, CBN Daily News, Oriental Fortune.com, http://finance.eastmoney.com/news/1371,20160829659044485.html. (Online time: March 28, 2019).
- 43.
Cooper (2011).
- 44.
“Toward realization of the new economy and society—Reform of the economy and society by the deepening of ‘Society 5.0’,” Keidanren (Japan Business Federation), April 19, 2016, www.keidanren.or.jp/en/policy/2016/029_outline.pdf. “B20 Tokyo Summit: Joint Recommendations—‘Society 5.0 for SDGs’,” Global Business Coalition, March 15, 2019, http://www.globalbusinesscoalition.org/global-governance-news/b20-tokyo-summit-joint-recommendations-society-5-0-for-sdgs/. (Online time: March 28, 2019).
- 45.
“From Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0: the big societal transformation plan of Japan,” i-SCOOP, https://www.i-scoop.eu/industry-4-0-society-5-0/. (Online time: March 28, 2019).
- 46.
Wang and Liu (2019).
- 47.
Han (2017).
- 48.
Peter S. Rashish, “The United States, Germany, and WTO Reform: An Answer to the Rise of China?” The American Institute for Contemporary German Studies (AICGS), March 28, 2019, https://www.aicgs.org/2019/03/the-united-states-germany-and-wto-reform-an-answer-to-the-rise-of-china/. Thomas J. Duesterberg, “The Importance of WTO Reform from a Transatlantic Perspective,” Washington International Trade Association (WITA), February 19, 2019, https://www.wita.org/atp-research/the-importance-of-wto-reform-from-a-transatlantic-perspective/. (Online time: March 28, 2019).
- 49.
Wang (2016).
- 50.
Aaron L. Friedberg, “Competing with China,” International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), May 2018, https://www.iiss.org/publications/survival/2018/survival-global-politics-and-strategy-junejuly-2018/603-02-friedberg. (Online time: March 28, 2019).
- 51.
Katsuji Nakazawa, “US and China ruin Asian cooperation with their battle for supremacy: 25 years on, APEC turns into a finger-pointing exercise,” Nikkei, November 22, 2018, https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/China-up-close/US-and-China-ruin-Asian-cooperation-with-their-battle-for-supremacy. (Online time: March 28, 2019).
- 52.
Mark Landler, “U.S. and China Call Truce in Trade War,” The New York Times, December 1, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/01/world/trump-xi-g20-merkel.html. “What to expect from the G20 summit in Buenos Aires,” Al Jazeera Media Network, November 30, 2018, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/11/expect-g20-buenos-aires-2018-181129025216292.html. (Online time: April 10, 2019).
- 53.
Roberta Rampton, Michael Martina, “U.S., China agree on trade war ceasefire after Trump, ** country in WTO negotiations. The international community generally believes that this move will impact Brazil’s cooperation with other major develo** countries. Therefore, in the future G20 framework, Brazil may be further attracted by the United States; at the same time, it will form a closer “united front” with Japan on issues such as the UN's permanent membership. This poses a certain challenge to the unity of the BRICS group. The content determined at the Hangzhou Summit that is beneficial to the BRIC countries and the vast number of develo** countries may also be further discarded or downplayed.
- 64.
“Move forward firmly under the guidance of the Hangzhou Consensus”, People’s Daily, July 7, 2017, 10th edition.
- 65.
“Carrie Gracie, Hangzhou G20: China’s ambitions for global leadership,” BBC, September 2, 2016, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-37241315. (Online time: March 28, 2019).
- 66.
Related discussion can be found in: Cheng (2016), Su and Li (2016), Chao (2016), Xu (2014). Zhu (2011), Wang and Cheng (2010), Shen (2016), Chongyang Institute of Finance, Renmin University of China, Ecological Finance Research Center of Renmin University of China (2017), Jia (2016), Zhou ** on several issues concerning upholding and develo** socialism with Chinese characteristics”, People’s Daily, April 1, 2019, first edition. **: “Several Issues Concerning Upholding and Develo** Socialism with Chinese Characteristics”, Qiushi.com, March 31, 2019, http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/qs/2019-03/31/c_1124302776.htm?from=timeline&isappinstalled=0. (Online time: March 28, 2019).
- 81.
Editor-in-Chief of Chongyang Institute for Finance, Renmin University of China (2018).
- 82.
Wang et al. (2017).
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Wang, W., Jia, J., Liu, Y., Wang, P. (2022). The Responsibilities of Great Powers and Global Governance Under “Profound Changes Unseen in Centuries”. In: Profound Changes Unseen in Centuries. Understanding China. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7419-8_5
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