Elderly Women During COVID 19

Multiple Disadvantages and Deprivations

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy
  • 20 Accesses

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic is a health crisis of which elderly constituted a high-risk group for severe illness and mortality. Restricted access to medications and health facilities due to COVID-19 has further influenced their physical and mental health status. Elderly face social isolation in normal circumstances, and COVID-19 has amplified this isolation. Social networking among elderly has been disrupted immensely with the apt advisory on social distancing by the government. Regular exposure to news/reports on COVID-19 could have triggered anxiety, mood, and sleep disturbances. Globally, there are more elderly women living alone on low incomes – putting them at higher risk of economic insecurity. Elderly women carry out significantly higher care work than men. Care responsibility at healthcare institutions or at home being predominantly managed by women imposes an additional burden on them, and it got further aggravated during home quarantines. Older women are dangerously more vulnerable to develo** long COVID which can potentially hamper their quality of life. The impact on elderly women spans economic (earning less and saving less), health, unpaid care work, elder abuses and gender-based violence, etc. This chapter explores implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical, mental, and psychological health of elderly women.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adhikari, S. P., Meng, S., Wu, Y. J., Mao, Y. P., Ye, R. X., Wang, Q. Z., Sun, C., Sylvia, S., Rozelle, S., Raat, H., & Zhou, H. (2020, March 17). Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) during the early outbreak period: A sco** review. Infectious Diseases of Poverty. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x

  • Ayushman Bharat. (2021). Health and wellness centre report. Retrieved from https://ab-hwc.nhp.gov.in/home/aboutus

  • Boniol, M., et al. (2019). Gender equity in the health workforce: Analysis of 104 countries (Health workforce working paper, no. 1). World Health Organization. http://apps.who.int/bookorders

  • Chandra P. S., & Debanjan, B. (March 19, 2021). How COVID shackled older women. The Indian Express.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das, M., Das, A., & Mandal, A. (2020). Examining the impact of lockdown (due to COVID-19) on Domestic Violence (DV): An evidences from India. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 102335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.102335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Equal Measures. (2020). Bending the curve towards gender equality by 2030. Retrieved from https://data.em2030.org/wpcontent/uploads/2020/03/EM2030Bending TheCurveReportMarch2020-1.pdf

  • Garnier-Crussard, A., Forestier, E., Gilbert, T., & Krolak-Salmon, P. (2020, May 1). Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic: What are the risks for older patients? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16407

  • GiveIndia. (2021). Top 5 NGOs trying to help senior citizens in India. Available at https://www.giveindia.org/blog/top-5-ngos-hel**-senior-citizensin-india/

  • Ingle, G. K., & Nath, A. (2008). Geriatric health in India: Concerns and solutions. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 33(4), 214–218. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.43225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Komaroff, A. L., & Bateman, L. (2021). Will COVID-19 lead to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome? Frontiers in Medicine (Lausanne), 7, 606824. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.606824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lai, C. C., Shih, T. P., Ko, W. C., Tang, H. J., & Hsueh, P. R. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924

  • MoHFW. (2020). Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Health advisory for elderly population of India during COVID19. Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/AdvisoryforElderlyPopulation.pdf

  • Mona. (2021). India and the elderly: Assessing the impact of COVID-19 and thinking forward. Health Express, Dec 09, 2021.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, M., & Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NIHFW. (2021). Department of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of West Bengal, West Bengal Covid-19 Health Bulletin – 26th NOV 2021. Retrieved from https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/uploaded_files/corona/WB_DHFW_Bulletin_26TH_NOV_REPORT_FINAL.pdf

  • NIMHANS. (2020). Mental health in the times of COVID-19 pandemic guidance for general medical and specialised mental health care settings. National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2020). COVID-19 policy brief on well-being and inclusiveness. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/en/

  • Paltasingh, T., & Bhue, P. (2021). Labour migration and exclusion: India’s experience during COVID-19 pandemic. Social Action, 71(2), 138–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paltasingh, T., & Tyagi, R. (2012). Demographic transition and population ageing: Building an inclusive culture. Social Change, 42(3), 391–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paltasingh, T., & Tyagi, R. (2015a). Caring for the elderly: Social gerontology in the Indian context (1st ed.). SAGE Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paltasingh, T., & Tyagi, R. (2015b). Gender-sensitive intervention for elderly women. In T. Paltasingh & R. Tyagi (Eds.), Caring for the elderly: Social gerontology in the Indian context (pp. 175–190). SAGE Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perracini, M. R., de Amorim, J. S. C., Lima, C. A., et al. (2021). REMOBILIZE Research Network (CANSORT-SCI). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on life-space mobility of older adults living in Brazil: REMOBILIZE study. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 643640. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.643640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poenaru, S., Abdallah, S. J., Corrales-Medina, V., & Cowan, J. (2021). COVID-19 and post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review. Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, 8, 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roland, K., & Markus, M. (2020, March 24). COVID-19 pandemic: Palliative care for elderly and frail patients at home and in residential and nursing homes. Swiss Medical Weekly. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2020.20235

  • Sepúlveda-Loyola, W., Rodríguez-Sánchez, I., Pérez-Rodríguez, P., et al. (2020). Impact of social isolation due to COVID-19 on health in older people: Mental and physical effects and recommendations. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 25, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, P. K., Jasilionis, D., & Oksuzyan, A. (2018). Gender difference in cognitive health among older Indian adults: A cross-sectional multilevel analysis. SSM – Population Health, 5, 180–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spanish News. (2020). Care Homes across globe in Spotlight over Coid-19 death rates. The Guardian-9th April 2020.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyagi, R., & Paltasingh, T. (2017). Determinants of health among senior citizens: Some empirical evidences. Journal of Health Management, 19(1), 132–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UN DESA. (2017). Population division living arrangements of older persons: A report on an expanded international dataset.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. (2020a). Policy brief: The impact of COVID-19 on older persons. May 2020. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/186463

  • United Nations. (2020b). UN launches COVID-19 plan that could defeat the virus and build a better world. UN News, 31 March. Retrieved from https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/03/1060702

  • United Nations. (2020c). UN working to ensure vulnerable groups not left behind in COVID-19 response. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/uncoronavirus-communications-team/un-working-ensure-vulnerable-groups-not-left-behind-covid-19

  • United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]. (2021). Older women in India: Economic, social and health concerns. Building knowledge base on ageing in India: increased awareness, access and quality of elderly services. Thematic paper 2. Available from: https://india.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/ThematicPaper2-Womenandageing.pdf

  • Van Tilburg, T. G., Steinmetz, S., Stolte, E., van der Roest, H., & de Vries, D. H. (2020). Loneliness and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Published online. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa111

  • Wang, D., Schmillen, A. D., Glinskaya, E. E., Abdur Rahman, A. B., Binti Jasmin, A. F., Zhu, L., & Iglesia Gomez, M. (2020). The elderly care response to COVID-19: A review of international measures to protect the elderly living in residential facilities and implications for Malaysia. (Report no. 149287 (pp. 1–42). The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, E., Walker, A. J., Bhaskaran, K. J., Bacon, S., Bates, C., Morton, C. E., Curtis, H. J., et al. (2020). Open SAFELY: Factors associated with COVID-19-related hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients. Nature, 584(7821), 430–436. medRxiv.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank Group. (2020). Gender dimensions of the Covid 19 pandemic. Policy note retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33622/Gender-Dimensions-of-the-COVID-19-Pandemic.pdf

  • World Health Organization. (2020). COVID-19 strategy update. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications-detail/covid-19-strategy-update

  • World-Health-Organization. (2021). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Reports-Epidemiological update on COVID- November 2021. Edition 65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wostyn, P. (2021). COVID-19 and chronic fatigue syndrome: Is the worst yet to come? Medical Hypotheses, 146, 110469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110469

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yanez, N. D., Weiss, N. S., Romand, J. A., et al. (2020). COVID-19 mortality risk for older men and women. BMC Public Health, 20, 1742. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09826-8

  • Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, Q., Zhang, L., Cheung, T., & **ang, Y.-T. (2020). Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of Interest Disclosures

The author declares no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Renu Tyagi .

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Tyagi, R. (2023). Elderly Women During COVID 19. In: Handbook of Aging, Health and Public Policy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_183-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_183-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-1914-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-1914-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Social SciencesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation