Abstract
This chapter presents a review of the use of composites as personnel protective armours. It lays out the various standards and specifications that are used in evaluating the effectiveness of an armour for personnel protection. The NIJ standard which is popularly used to evaluate the armours is thoroughly discussed along with common terminologies associated with the same. The study also explores the various testing equipment and ammunition used for testing from shapes to materials and their impact on the armour panels. It is essential to follow the standards meticulously to ensure safety and success of any testing. Composites are gaining increased prominence in modern day warfare and has evolved from use of metals since the days of the first and second world wars.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ansari MM, Chakrabarti A (2017) Influence of projectile nose shape and incidence angle on the ballistic perforation of laminated glass fiber composite plate. Compos Sci Technol 142:107–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.12.033
Ávila AF, Neto AS, Nascimento Junior H (2011) Hybrid nanocomposites for mid-range ballistic protection. Int J Impact Eng 38:669–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2011.03.002
Bandaru AK, Chavan VV, Ahmad S et al (2016) Ballistic impact response of Kevlar® reinforced thermoplastic composite armors. Int J Impact Eng 89:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.10.014
Benzait Z, Trabzon L (2018) A review of recent research on materials used in polymer–matrix composites for body armor application. J Compos Mater 52:3241–3263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998318764002
Bilisik K (2017) Two-dimensional (2D) fabrics and three-dimensional (3D) preforms for ballistic and stabbing protection: a review. Text Res J 87:2275–2304. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517516669075
Cline J, Moy P, Harris D et al (2020) Ballistic response of woven Kevlar fabric as a function of projectile sharpness. Conf Proc Soc Exp Mech Ser 1:13–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30021-0_3
Cooper G, Gotts P (2005) Ballistic protection. Ballistic trauma. Springer, London, pp 67–90
da Luz FS, Monteiro SN, Lima ES, Lima Júnior ÉP (2017) Ballistic application of coir fiber reinforced epoxy composite in multilayered armor. Mater Res 20:23–28. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-0951
Fabio L, Nascimento C, Henrique L, Louro L (2017) Ballistic performance in multilayer armor with epoxy composite reinforced with malva fibers. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Pan American materials congress, pp 331–338
Ismail MF, Sultan MTH, Hamdan A et al (2019) Low velocity impact behaviour and post-impact characteristics of kenaf/glass hybrid composites with various weight ratios. J Mater Res Technol 8:2662–2673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.04.005
Li X, Nia AB, Ma X et al (2017) Dynamic response of Kevlar®29/epoxy laminates under projectile impact-experimental investigation. Mech Adv Mater Struct 24:114–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2015.1107670
McWilliams BA, Yu JH, Pankow M (2016) dynamic failure mechanisms in woven ceramic fabric reinforced metal matrix composites during ballistic impact. In: Residual stress, thermomechanics and infrared imaging, hybrid techniques and inverse problems. Springer, pp 155–159
Meng Z, Singh A, Qin X, Keten S (2017) Reduced ballistic limit velocity of graphene membranes due to cone wave reflection. Extrem Mech Lett 15:70–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2017.06.001
Mostafa NH, Ismarrubie ZN, Sapuan SM, Sultan MTH (2016) The influence of equi-biaxially fabric prestressing on the flexural performance of woven E-glass/polyester-reinforced composites. J Compos Mater 50:3385–3393. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998315620478
Purushothaman A, Coimbatore G, Ramkumar SS (2013) Soft body armor for law enforcement applications. J Eng Fiber Fabr 8:97–103
Reddy PRS, Reddy TS, Mogulanna K et al (2017a) Ballistic impact studies on carbon and E-glass fibre based hybrid composite laminates. Procedia Eng 173:293–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.12.017
Reddy TS, Reddy PRS, Madhu V (2017b) Response of E-glass/epoxy and Dyneema® composite laminates subjected to low and high velocity impact. Procedia Eng 173:278–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.12.014
Rosenberg Z, Dekel E (2016) Terminal ballistics, 2nd edn
Salman SD, Leman Z, Sultan MTH et al (2015) Kenaf/synthetic and Kevlar®/cellulosic fiber-reinforced hybrid composites: a review. BioResources 10:8580–8603
Samuels JE (2000) NIJ Standard–0101.04 (Ballistic Resistance of Personal Body Armor ). 67
Schwartz MM (1984) Composite materials handbook. McGraw Hill, New York
Shockey DA, Curran DR, De Carli PS (1975) Damage in steel plates from hypervelocity impact. I. Physical changes and effects of projectile material. J Appl Phys 46(9):3766–3775
Tan VBC, Lim CT, Cheong CH (2003) Perforation of high-strength fabric by projectiles of different geometry. Int J Impact Eng 28:207–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0734-743X(02)00055-6
VanderKlok A, Stamm A, Dorer J et al (2018) An experimental investigation into the high velocity impact responses of S2-glass/SC15 epoxy composite panels with a gas gun. Int J Impact Eng 111:244–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.10.002
Vinson JR, Walker JM (1997) Ballistic impact of thin-walled composite structures. AIAA J 35:875–878. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.7461
Wang H, Hazell PJ, Shankar K et al (2017) Impact behaviour of Dyneema® fabric-reinforced composites with different resin matrices. Polym Test 61:17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.04.026
Zaera R (2011) Ballistic impacts on polymer matrix composites, composite armor, personal armor. Impact Eng Compos Struct 310–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0523-8_7
Zakikhani P, Zahari R, Sultan MTH, Majid DL (2016) Thermal degradation of four bamboo species. BioResources 11:414–425. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.1.414-425
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nayak, S.Y., Samant, R., Shenoy, B.S., Sultan, M.T.H., Kini, C.R. (2021). Experimental Analysis of High Velocity Impact Properties of Composite Materials for Ballistic Applications. In: Hameed Sultan, M.T., Shah, A.U.M., Saba, N. (eds) Impact Studies of Composite Materials. Composites Science and Technology . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1323-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1323-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-1322-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-1323-4
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)