The International Private Sectors’ Role in Wealth Creation: Strategy, Productivity, and Innovation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Wealth Creation Approach to Reducing Global Poverty
  • 315 Accesses

Abstract

International companies operating businesses successfully in develo** and less developed economies can play a vital role in creating wealth and reducing poverty. The chapter begins with an examination of some of the unique features of the business environments generally found in develo** and less economically developed nations. This is followed by the introduction of a three-tiered framework, consisting of strategic, interpersonal, and operational levels which can be used in evaluating whether to globalize/standardize business practices or to adapt to local conditions. A general approach to adjusting or creating business operations for conditions found in develo** and less developed economies is suggested. The chapter concludes with an examination of productivity and innovation as applied to regions where poverty remains widespread.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
EUR 29.95
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
EUR 96.29
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
EUR 128.39
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
EUR 128.39
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adler, P., & Kwon, S. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27, 17–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ado, A., & Osabutey, E. (2018). Africa-China cooperation: Potential shared interests and strategic partnerships? Academy of International Business Insights, 18(4), 20–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alesina, A., Battisti, M., & Zeira, J. (2015). Technology and labor regulations: Theory and evidence. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) (Working Paper No. 20841).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ar, A. A., & Kara, A. (2014). Emerging market consumers’ country of production image, trust and quality perceptions of global brands made-in China. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 23(7), 491–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aribarg, R. (2005). Thai border town businessmen and the state: An examination of their influence on Thai foreign policy toward Burma (Doctoral Dissertation). Boston University, UMI No. 3157351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Augusto, J., Couto, F. E., & Caiado, J. (2014). Human capital, social capital and organizational performance. Management Decision, 52(2), 350–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bach, D., & Allen, D. B. (2010). What every CEO needs to know about nonmarket strategy. MIT Sloan Management Review, 51(3), 41–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beugelsdijk, S., Kostova, T., Kunst, V. E., Spadafora, E., & Van Essen, M. (2018). Cultural distance and firm internationalization: A meta-analytical review and theoretical implications. Journal of Management, 44(1), 89–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjerke, B. V. (2000). A typified, culture-based, interpretation of management of SMEs in Southeast Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 17(1), 103–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boso, N., Debrah, Y. A., & Amankway-Amoah, J. (2018). (How) does Africa matter for international business scholarship? Academy of International Business Insights, 18(4), 6–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brett, J. (2018). Intercultural challenges in managing workplace conflict—A call for research. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 25(1), 32–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bridge, S. (2014). Exploring the nature of social capital to facilitate its inclusion in enterprise education. Education + Training, 56(8/9), 839–851.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cant, M. C., Wiid, J. A., & Hung, Y. T. (2015). Internet-based ICT usage by South African SMEs: Are the benefits within their reach? Problems and Perspectives in Management, 13(2–si), 444–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carney, M., & Gedailovic, E. (2003). Strategic innovation and the administrative heritage of East Asian family business groups. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 20(1), 5–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, J. P., Daniere, A. G., & Takahashi, L. M. (2004). Cooperation, trust, and social capital in Southeast Asian urban slums. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 55(4), 533–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cecere, G., & Ozman, M. (2014). Innovation, recombination and technological proximity. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 5(3), 646–667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, A., Guo, C., Zolin, R., & Yang, X. (2014). Guanxi as a complex adaptive system: Definition, description and underlying principles. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 8(2), 81–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chattananon, A., & Trimetsoontorn, J. (2009). Relationship marketing: A Thai case. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 4(3), 252–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, S., & Wilson, M. (2003). Standardization and localization of human resource management in Sino-joint ventures. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management, 20(3), 397–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cirera, X., & Maloney, W. F. (2017). The innovation paradox: Develo**-country capabilities and the unrealized promise of technological catch-up. Washington DC: World Bank Group.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Claus, L., & Hand, M. L. (2009). Customization decisions regarding performance management systems in multinational companies. An empirical view of Eastern European firms. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 9(2), 237–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Contractor, F. J. (2013). Punching above their weight: The sources of competitive advantage for emerging market multinationals. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 8(4), 304–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuervo-Cazurra, A., & Genc, M. (2008). Transforming disadvantages into advantages: Develo**-country MNEs in the least developed countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 30(6), 957–979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, S. (2007). Shifting foundations: Redrawing strategic management’s military heritage. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 3(1), 41–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cusolito, A. P., & Maloney, W. F. (2018). Productivity revisited: Shifting paradigms in analysis and policy. Washington DC: World Bank.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Daniel, G. O., Onaji-Benson, T., & Mbalyahere, C. (2018). Navigating institutional differences in Africa: Moving beyond the institutional voids perspective. Academy of International Business Insights, 18(4), 15–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinda, S. (2014). Inclusive growth through creation of human and social capital. International Journal of Social Economics, 41(10), 878–895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dinner, I. M., Kushwaha, T., & Steenkamp, J. B. (2019). Psychic distance and performance of MNCs during marketing crises. Journal of International Business Studies, 50(3), 339–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dufhues, T., Buchenrieder, G., & Munkung, N. (2013). Social capital and market imperfections: Accessing formal credit in Thailand. Oxford Development Studies, 41(1), 54–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ensign, P. C. (2008). Small business strategy as a dynamic process: Concepts, controversies and implications. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 20(2), 25–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R., & Yuthas, K. (2010). Implementing sustainability: The role of leadership and organizational culture. Strategic Finance, 91(10), 41–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewah, S., & Osang, J. E. (2018). Influence of cross cultural differences on international marketing. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(7), 363–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franke, R. H., Mento, A. J., Prumo, S. M., & Edlund, T. W. (2007). General electric performance over a half century: Evaluation of effects of leadership and other strategic factors by quantitative case analysis. International Journal of Business, 12(1), 137–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frantzen, D. (2004). Technological diffusion and productivity convergence: A study for manufacturing in the OECD. Southern Economic Journal, 71(2), 352–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghobakhloo, M., & Azar, A. (2018). Business excellence via advanced manufacturing technology and lean-agile manufacturing. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 29(1), 2–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goulbourne, H., & Solomos, J. (2003). Families, ethnicity and social capital. Social Policy and Society, 2(4), 329–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grattan, R. (2005). Strategy in the battle of Britain and strategic management theory. Management Decision, 43(10), 1432–1441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grattan, R. (2006). Robert McNamara’s “11 lessons” in the context of theories of strategic management. Journal of Management History, 12(4), 425–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grimes, W. W. (2005). Japan as the “indispensible nation” in Asia: A financial brand for the 21st century. Asia-Pacific Review, 12(1), 40–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grover-Goswami, A., Medvedev, D., & Olafsen, E. (2019). High-growth firms: Facts, fiction, and policy options for emerging economies. Washington DC: World Bank Group.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ha, M. H., Yang, Z., & Lam, J. (2019). Port performance in container transport logistics: A multi-stakeholder perspective. Transport Policy, 73, 25–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagan, A. F., & Amin, S. G. (1995). Corporate executives and environmental scanning activities: An empirical investigation. S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, 60(2), 41–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallen, L., & Johanson, M. (2004). Integration of relationships and business network development in the Russian transition economy. International Marketing Review, 21(2), 151–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hao, J., Sun, M., & Yin, J. (2019). Convergence to IFRS, accounting quality, and the role of regional institutions: Evidence from China. Asian Review of Accounting, 27(1), 29–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He, Z., Guo, Z., & Wang, J. (2018). Integrated scheduling of production and distribution operations in a global MTO supply chain. Enterprise Information Systems, 13(4), 490–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann, D., & Hague, I. (2006). Convergence: In search of the best. Journal of Accountancy, 201(1), 69–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herstein, R., Berger, R., & Jaffe, E. D. (2014). How companies from develo** and emerging countries can leverage their brand equity in terms of place branding. Competitiveness Review, 24(4), 293–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hipsher, S. (2007). Creating market size: Regional strategies for the world’s least developed areas. In J. Stoner & C. Wankel’s (Eds.), Innovative approaches to reducing global poverty (pp. 153–174). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hipsher, S. (2010). Transfer or adapt: Evidence from the Theravada Buddhist countries of Southeast Asia. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 39(3), 35–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hipsher, S. (2013). Private sector’s role in poverty reduction in Asia. Oxford: Chandos Publishing Limited.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hipsher, S. (2016a). International HR management in emerging markets: Evidence from Thailand. In C. Zheng (Ed.), International human resource management: Practices, trends and future directions. New York: Nova Sciences Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hipsher, S. (2016b). Social capital management challenges: Thailand. In M. A. Khan (Ed.), Multinational enterprises management strategies in develo** countries. IGI Global: Hershey, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofman, K. (2008). Placing enterprise and business thinking at the heart of the war on poverty. In W. Easterly (Ed.), Reinventing foreign aid (pp. 485–502). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Motivation, leadership, and organization: Do American theories apply abroad? Organizational Dynamics, 9(1), 42–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, S., & Mu, D. (2018). Discussion on the development strategy of China’s multimodal transport stations. Advances in Intelligent Systems Research, 161, 256–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, X., Shi, K., Zhang, Z., & Cheung, Y. L. (2006). The impact of participative leadership behavior on psychological empowerment and organizational commitment in Chinese state-owned enterprises: The moderating role of organizational tenure. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23(3), 345–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hui, M. K., Au, K., & Fock, H. (2004). Empowerment effects across cultures. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(1), 41–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hurn, B. J. (2007). The influence of culture on international business negotiations. Industrial and Commercial Training, 39(7), 354–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibeh, K., Adeleye, I., & Ajai, O. (2018). The rise of African multinationals: Are IB scholars paying sufficient attention? Academy of International Business Insights, 18(4), 10–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Javidan, M., & Carl, D. E. (2005). Leadership across cultures: A study of Canadian and Taiwanese executives. Management International Review, 45(1), 23–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Javorcik, B. S. (2004). Does foreign direct investment increase the productivity of domestic firms? In search of spillovers through backward linkages. American Economic Review, 94(3), 605–627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, K., Keller, W., Qiu, L. D., & Ridley, W. (2018). International joint ventures and internal vs. external technology transfer: Evidence from China. NBER (Working Paper No. 24455).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ju, Y., & Sohn, S. Y. (2014). Development of a national competitiveness index based on a structural model. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 26(5), 565–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalamova, M. M., & Konrad, K. A. (2010). Nation brands and foreign direct investment. Kyklos, 63(3), 400–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kan, G., Cliquet, G., & Gallo, M. P. (2014). The effect of country image on hypermarket patronage intention. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 42(2), 106–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, A. M. (2008). Learning to be capitalists: Entrepreneurs in Vietnam’s transition economy. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S., Jeong, S. H., & Hwang, Y. (2018). Why are there cross-national differences in response to comparative advertising? Some mediators. Journal of Marketing Communications, 24(6), 569–587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kip**, M., & Cailluet, L. (2010). Mintzberg’s emergent and deliberate strategies: Tracking Alcan’s activities in Europe, 1928–2007. Business History Review, 84(1), 79–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koning, M., Mertans, G., & Rosenboom, P. (2018). Drivers of institutional change around the world: The case of IFRA. Journal of International Business Studies, 49(3), 249–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lahir, S. (2016). Does outsourcing really improve firm performance? Empirical evidence and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 18(4), 464–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, C. M. (2006). Achievements, challenges and research agendas for Asian management research studies. Asian Business & Management, 5(1), 53–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, D., Wang, L. W., Jiang, Y., Barnes, B. R., & Zhang, H. (2014). The asymmetric influence of cognitive and affective country image on rational and experiential purchases. European Journal of Marketing, 48(11/12), 2153–2175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Q., Xue, Q., Truong, Y., & **ong, J. (2018). MNCs’ industrial linkages and environmental spillovers in emerging economies: The case of China. International Journal of Production Economics, 196, 346–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., Zhou, N., & Si, Y. (2010). Exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation, and performance. Nankai Business Review International, 1(3), 297–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • London, T., & Hart, S. T. (2004). Perspective: Reinventing strategies for emerging markets: beyond the transnational model. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(5), 350–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, H. (1999). Creation and preemption for competitive advantage. Management Decision, 37(3), 259–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, Z. (2007). Chinese conflict management styles and negotiation behaviors. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 7(1), 101–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magnusson, P., Westjohn, S., & Sirianni, N. J. (2019). Beyond brand image favorability: How brand positioning via country personality stereotypes enhances brand evaluations. Journal of International Business Studies, 50(3), 318–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marku, E., & Loi, M. (2019). Map** innovation in the digital transformation era: The role of technology convergence. In K. Mezghani & W. Aloulou (Eds.), Business transformations in the era of digitalization (pp. 160–178). Hersey, PA: IGI.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mathews, V. E. (2000). Management in a develo** nation: And we thought American managers had it tough. Multinational Business Review, 8(2), 10–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montaseb, M. M., Raghebm, M. A., Ragab, A. A., & Elsamadicy, A. M. (2018). The factors affecting of SMEs’ outsourcing decision making. The Business and Management Review, 9(3), 271–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murtiasih, S., Sucherly, S., & Siringoringo, H. (2014). Impact of country of origin and word of mouth on brand equity. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 32(5), 616–629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nadeem, S., Raza, M., Kayani, N., Aziz, A., & Nayab, D. (2018). Examining cross cultural compatibility of high performance work practices. International Business Review, 27(3), 563–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1997). Social capital, intellectual capital and the creation of value in firms. Academy of Management Proceedings, 97(1), 35–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nasrolahi, L., Mohammad, V., & Jalilvand, R. (2014). Examining the influence of social capital on rural women entrepreneurship. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 10(3), 209–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, R., & Winter, S. (1982). An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newburry, W., & Yakova, N. (2006). Standardized preferences: A function of national culture, work interdependence and local embeddedness. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(1), 44–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ng, I., & Dastmalchian, A. (2001). Organizational flexibility in Western and Asian firms: An examination of control and safeguard rules in five countries. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 8(1), 17–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, H., & Hipsher, S. (2018). Innovation and creativity used in private sector firms in resources-constrained environment. In S. Hiphser (Ed.), Examining the private sector’s role in wealth creation and poverty reduction (pp. 219–238). Hersey PA: IGI International.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, T. V., Weinstein, M., & Meyer, A. D. (2005). Development of trust of interfirm relationships in Vietnam. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22(3), 211–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Overbaugh, S. N. (2013). National culture, country-level competitiveness, and economic development. International Journal of Business of Economics Perspectives, 8(1), 93–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parente, R., Rong, K., Celeilate, J., & Misati, E. (2019). Adapting and sustaining operations in weak institutional environments: A business ecosystem assessment of a Chinese MNE in Central Africa. Journal of International Business Studies, 50(2), 275–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, C., & Koo, H. (2018). Foundation of leadership in Asia: Leader characteristics and leadership styles review and research agenda. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 35(3), 697–718.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Passemard, D., & Kleiner, B. H. (2000). Competitive advantage in global industries. Management Research News, 23(7/8), 111–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pellicer, E., Yepes, V., & Rojas, R. J. (2010). Innovation and competitiveness in construction companies: A case study. Journal of Management Research, 10(2), 103–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W. (2002). Towards an institution-based view of business strategy. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19(2/3), 251–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pietrobelli, C. (2007). Private sector development: Concepts and practices. In Business and development: Fostering the private sector (pp. 21–53). Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M. E. (1996). What is strategy? Harvard Business Review, 74(6), 61–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez-Marin, J. Y., & Shafa, S. (2018). Social rewards: The basis for collaboration in honor cultures. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 25(1), 53–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rojas-MĂ©ndez, J. I. (2013). The nation brand molecule. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 22(7), 462–472.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saeed, M. K., & Shahbaz, N. (2011). Employees’ perceptions about the effectiveness of performance appraisals: The case of Pakistan. Shinawatra International University Journal of Management, 1(1), 58–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seshanna, S. (2009). Globalization, income polarization and the rise of the “new challenger”. In C. W. Mun, & S. H. Ying (Eds.), Singapore and Asia in a globalized world: Contemporary economic issues and politics (pp. 155–172). Singapore: World Scientific.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shenkar, O. (2009). Becoming multinational: Challenges for Chinese firms. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 2(3), 149–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha, B. K., & Gnyawali, D. R. (2013). Insights on strategic management practices in Nepal. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 2(2), 191–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singal, A. K., & Jain, A. K. (2014). Emerging market firms: Measuring their success with strategic positioning maps. The Journal of Business Strategy, 35(1), 20–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smedlund, A. (2008). The knowledge system of a firm: Social capital for explicit, tacit and potential knowledge. Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(1), 63–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subrahmanya, M. (2009). Case study: Nature and strategy of product innovations in SMEs: A case study-based comparative perspective of Japan and India. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 11(1), 104–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suehiro, A., & Wailerdsak, N. (2004). Family business in Thailand: Its management, governance, and future challenges. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 21(1), 81–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suh, T., & Kwon, I. G. (2002). Globalization and reluctant buyers. International Marketing Review, 19(6), 663–680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swierczek, F. W., & Onishi, J. (2003). Culture and conflict: Japanese managers and Thai subordinates. Personnel Review, 32(1/2), 187–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szeto, R., Wright, P. C., & Cheng, E. (2006). Business networking in the Chinese context. Management Research News, 29(7), 425–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, T. (2002). Powerhouse’s management strategies for excellent business achievement. Integrated Management Systems, 13(6), 366–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S. (2007). Creating social capital in MNCs: The international human resource management challenge. Human Resource Management Journal, 17(4), 336–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torrisi, C. R., & Uslu, G. (2010). Transitioning economics: A calculus of competitiveness. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 11(3), 39–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2018). Economic development in Africa report 2018: Migration for structural transformation. New York and Geneva: United Nations Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNCTAD. (2019). World investment 2019: Special economic zones. New York: United Nations Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vigier, M., & Spencer-Oatey, H. (2018). The interplay of rules, asymmetries in language fluency, and team dynamics in culturally diverse teams: Case study insights. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 25(1), 157–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waxin, M. F., Lindsay, V., Belkhodja, O., & Zhao, F. (2018). Workforce localization in the UAE: Recruitment and selection challenges and practices in private and public organizations. The Journal of Develo** Areas, 52(4), 99–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, S. E. (2010). A social capital assessment of Canadian community’s water management strategy. Environmental Practice, 12(3), 214–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. (2019). 2019 World development report: Changing nature of work. Washington DC: World Bank Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, J., & Sorenson, R. L. (2004). The Influence of Confucian ideology on conflict in Chinese family business. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 4(1), 5–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, H., & Yousaf, A. (2018). Preference for relationship help and emotional help from third parties across cultures: The mediating effects of idiocentric and allocentric orientations. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 25(1), 96–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, J., & Zaheer, S. (2010). Building a process model of local adaptation of practices: Study of six sigma implementation in Korean and US firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(3), 475–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, M., Knight, G., & Tansuhaj, P. (2014). International performance antecedents in emerging market SMEs: Evidence from China. Journal of Global Marketing, 27(3), 161–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Q., & Fung, H. G. (2006). China’s social capital and financial performance of private enterprises. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 13(2), 198–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Li, Y., & Li, H. (2014). FDI spillovers over time in an emerging market: The roles of entry tenure and barriers to imitation. Academy of Management Journal, 57(3), 698–722.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hipsher, S. (2020). The International Private Sectors’ Role in Wealth Creation: Strategy, Productivity, and Innovation. In: Wealth Creation Approach to Reducing Global Poverty. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4116-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4116-2_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-4115-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-4116-2

  • eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation