Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), from a microbial evolution perspective, is a survival response. Evolution is generally a natural phenomenon occurring over the course of several millennia. However, the discrepancy in the rate of evolution and adaptation driven by antimicrobials is remarkably striking. AMR has progressed rapidly from the very first recorded case of penicillin resistance in the early 1940s to the widespread global public health threat it poses today. With very limited new treatment options currently in the pipeline, the increasing trend of AMR is likely to leave the human population highly vulnerable to easily treatable infections in the near future.
This chapter uniquely explores some extraordinary features of microbial defence, proposing a microbial defence system, viewing bacteria, fungi and viruses as host organisms. The intelligent systems and mechanisms used by microbes to evade antimicrobial-induced cytotoxicity and their evolutionary costs are described, alongside alternative therapeutic strategies that promise change.
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Madhav, A., Will, R.C., Mutreja, A. (2020). The Evolution of Microbial Defence Systems Against Antimicrobial Agents. In: Thomas, S. (eds) Antimicrobial Resistance. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3658-8_1
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