Abstract
Mealybugs, named after the abundant powdery wax covering their body surface, are soft-bodied scale insects that feed on plant sap, and most closely related to aphids and whiteflies. Mealybugs, as well as other scale insects, are characterized by their unusual shapes, which may be difficult to be recognized as insects. They exhibit marked sexual dimorphism; females are neotenic and almost immotile with no wings and retrogressed legs, whereas males are winged, but extremely tiny and short-lived. Volatile pheromones released by females are therefore essential for males to find conspecific mates efficiently. Consequently, mealybug pheromones have structurally radiated with a high species specificity, and thus offer a unique model to illustrate the diversity of odor-based sexual communication systems. Moreover, these aphrodisiac fragrances may be promising for pest management programs against notorious mealybugs that damage crops and fruits. This chapter compiles several studies on mealybugs and their pheromones, and discusses possible evolutionary scenarios as well as potential applications of pheromones.
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The author thanks many co-researchers involved in mealybug management projects for their contributions to this manuscript through valuable discussions.
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Tabata, J. (2020). Sex Pheromones of Mealybugs: Implications for Evolution and Application. In: Ishikawa, Y. (eds) Insect Sex Pheromone Research and Beyond. Entomology Monographs. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3082-1_3
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