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Enzymes in Relation to Soil Biological Properties and Sustainability

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Sustainable Management of Soil and Environment

Abstract

Deterioration of soil health is of concern for human, animal and plant health, because air, groundwater and surface water consumed by humans are adversely affected by contaminated soil. Soil microorganisms play an important role in the transformation of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S) and iron (Fe). Soil biological properties, e.g. microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), and activities of soil enzymes, viz. amylase (AMY), dehydrogenase (DHA), cellulase (CA), pectinase (PA), phenoloxidase (POA), urease (UA) and phosphatase (PHA), respond quickly to change in soil quality and have been considered better indicator than soil physical and chemical properties. Soil enzymes play a major role in the energy transfer through decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrient cycling and thus have a substantial role in maintaining soil health. Enzymes are the vital activators in life processes of soil microorganisms and the products of which stabilize soil structure. Although microorganisms are the major source of soil enzymes, plants and animals also contribute in a significant manner to the enzyme pool. Their activities are closely related to the biological properties of soil. Hence, soil enzymes are indicators for soil microbial community structure and for the effect of soil treatments or climatic factors on soil health and soil fertility. The possible role of soil enzymes in organic matter (OM) decomposition and soil health maintenance can help in the management of soil fertility in agricultural ecosystems.

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Abbreviations

AMY:

Amylase

ASA:

Arylsulphatase

C:

Carbon

CA:

Cellulase

CATA:

Catalase

DHA:

Dehydrogenase

Fe:

Iron

FYM:

Farmyard manure

GALA:

Galactosidase

GLUCA:

Glucosaminidase

GSA:

Glucosidase

H:

Hydrogen

INV:

Invertase

MBC:

Microbial biomass carbon

MBN:

Microbial biomass nitrogen

MBP:

Microbial biomass phosphorus

N:

Nitrogen

NAD:

Nicotinamide dinucleotide

NADP:

Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate

NPK:

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

O:

Oxygen

OM:

Organic matter

P:

Phosphorus

PA:

Pectinase

PERA:

Peroxidase

PHA:

Phosphatase

POA:

Phenol oxidase

PROA:

Protease

PSMs:

Plant-soil microorganisms

S:

Sulphur

SOC:

Soil organic carbon

SOM:

Soil organic matter

SRR:

Specific respiration rate

UA:

Urease

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Naveen Datt & Dhanbir Singh

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  1. Naveen Datt
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  2. Dhanbir Singh
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  2. Department of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India

    Sandeep Kumar

  3. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Jitendra Singh Bohra

  4. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), New Delhi, India

    Mangi Lal Jat

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Datt, N., Singh, D. (2019). Enzymes in Relation to Soil Biological Properties and Sustainability. In: Meena, R., Kumar, S., Bohra, J., Jat, M. (eds) Sustainable Management of Soil and Environment. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8832-3_11

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