Abstract
Nitration is a unit process in the organic synthesis industry and a process link in the manufacture of certain nitrogen-containing organic compounds, which plays an important role in the synthesis of explosives and nitrates. Indeed, nitration technology in the industrial application has more than a hundred years of history. As early as 1830, chemists began to investigate the nitration of glycerol.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Marsh AN (2000) Short history of nitroglycerine and nitric oxide in pharmacology and physiology. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 27(4):313–319
Dietmar K, Linke J, Teichmann L et al (2016) Centrohexaindane: six benzene rings mutually fixed in three dimensions—solid-state structure and six-fold nitration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 18(17):11722–11737
Ji W, Li X, Wang J (2015) Preparation and characterization of CL-20/EPDM by a crystal refinement and spray drying method. Cent Eur J Energ Mater 12(4):831–840
Shokova EA, Kovalev VV (2012) Adamantane functionalization. Synthesis of polyfunctional derivatives with various substituents in bridgehead positions. Russ J Org Chem 48:1007
Ren CY (2010) Study on the vapor-phase nitration form cyclohexane to nitro-cyclohexane. **ang Tan University
Campora J, Giambastiani G (2011) Olefin upgrading catalysis by nitrogen-based metal complexes II. Berlin: Springer
Kühn O, Ludger Wöste L (2007) Analysis and control of ultrafast photoinduced reactions. Springer, Berlin
McDavid JW (1922) J Soc Chem Ind 41:246T
Hetherington JA, Masson I (1933) J Chem Soc 105
Schiefferle DF, Hanson C, Albright LF (1976) ACS Symposium. Set 22:176
EL-Kabeir SMM, Modather M, Rashad AM (2015) Heat and mass transfer by unsteady natural convection over a moving vertical plate embedded in a saturated porous medium with chemical reaction, soret and dufour effects. J Appl Fluid Mech 8(3):453–463
Fagbade AI, Omowaye AJ (2016) Influence of thermal radiation on free convective heat and mass transfer past an isothermal vertical oscillating porous plate in the presence of chemical reaction and heat generation-absorption. Bound Value Probl 2016:97
Chamkha AJ, Rashad AM, Al-Mudhaf HF (2012) Heat and mass transfer from truncated cones with variable wall temperature and concentration in the presence of chemical reaction effects. Int J Numer Meth Heat Fluid Flow 22(3):357–376
Mabood F, Shateyi S, Rashidi MM et al (2016) MHD stagnation point flow heat and mass transfer of nanofluids in porous medium with radiation, viscous dissipation and chemical reaction. Adv Powder Technol 27:742–749
Miyagawa J (1949) J Soc Org Synth Chem Jpn 7:167
Satyanarayana V, HarishBabu D (2016) Numerical study of MHD heat and mass transfer of a Jeffrey fluid over a stretching sheet with chemical reaction and thermal radiation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 59:18–25
Sun RK, Ren TS et al (1981) Chemistry and technology of high explosive. International Industry Press
Liu JP (2015) Liquid explosives. Springer, Berlin
Miller DC, Noyce DS, Vermeulen T. Ind Eng Chem 5
Kobe KA, Lakemayer JL (1958) Ind Eng Chem 50:1691
Rhodes FE, Nelson CC (1938) Ind Eng Chem 30:648
Prang AH, Andrianof JK (1956) Organic intermediates and dyes industry special equipment. Higher Education Press, Lingxian Sun translation
Yoshida T, Iwai Y, Yamamoto J (1960) Ind Powder 21:26
Mckinley C, Brown GG (1942) Chem Met Eng 49:142
McCurdy JL, Mckinley C (1942) Ind Eng Chem 34:1002
Hackel J et al (1900) Chemia Stosowana 4:44
Yoshida Y (1954) Ind Powder 12:43
Maestri F, Dionigi LR, Rota R (2006) Safe and productive operation of homogeneous semibatch reactors. the nitration of n-(2-phenoxyphenyl) methane sulfonamide. Am Chem Soc 45(24):8014–8023
Ren TS (1982) Process of nitric acid ester. National Defense Industry Press
Liu JP, Qian HJ (1993) Production and manufacture of nitrocellulose. Air Force Air Ammunition Research Institute
William VH (1984) Catalytic preparation of nitroalkanes, U.S. 4431842
Wang SP, Sherwin MB (1985) Preparation of nitro compounds by vapor phase nitration of organic alcohols. US 4517392
Li GH, Yin DL et al (2007) Vapor phase nitration process of cyclohexane to nitrocyclohexane. J Nat Sci Hunan Norm Univ 30(2):80–82
Wang SP, Sherwin MB (1985) Preparation of nitro compounds by vapor phase nitration of carboxylic acids. U.S. 4517394
Wang SP, Sherwin MB (1985) Preparation of nitro compounds by vapor phase nitration of ketones. U.S. 4517393
Pascal et al (1920) Bull Soc Chim France 27:8
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Liu, J. (2019). Nitration Reaction Reactor and Operation Technology. In: Nitrate Esters Chemistry and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6647-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6647-5_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-6645-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-6647-5
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)