Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) shows its significant importance in academic and social affairs (Jansen et al. 1998; Wu et al. 1999). From commercialized products to laboratory prototypes, the creative atmosphere in this research field has maintained its vitality and drawn increasing attention from researchers in related areas. There have been many inventions that have changed the practice of medicine at the point of care in either rural or developed areas, and one prominent candidate for POCT is paper-based microfluidic analytical devices, also called Chip-on-a-Paper, or paper-based POC.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abe K, Suzuki K, Citterio D (2008) Inkjet-printed microfluidic multianalyte chemical sensing paper. Anal Chem 80(18):6928–6934
Ali MM, Aguirre SD, Xu Y, Filipe CD, Pelton R, Li Y (2009) Detection of DNA using bioactive paper strips. Chem Commun 43:6640–6642
Alkasir RS, Ornatska M, Andreescu S (2012) Colorimetric paper bioassay for the detection of phenolic compounds. Anal Chem 84(22):9729–9737
Apilux A, Dungchai W, Siangproh W, Praphairaksit N, Henry CS, Chailapakul O (2010) Lab-on-paper with dual electrochemical/colorimetric detection for simultaneous determination of gold and iron. Anal Chem 82(5):1727–1732
Atalay YT, Vermeir S, Witters D, Vergauwe N, Verbruggen B, Verboven P, Nicolaï BM, Lammertyn J (2011) Microfluidic analytical systems for food analysis. Trends Food Sci Technol 22(7):386–404
Bang JH, Lim SH, Park E, Suslick KS (2008) Chemically responsive nanoporous pigments: colorimetric sensor arrays and the identification of aliphatic amines. Langmuir 24(22):13168–13172
Bruzewicz DA, Reches M, Whitesides GM (2008) Low-cost printing of poly (dimethylsiloxane) barriers to define microchannels in paper. Anal Chem 80(9):3387–3392
Cao Y, Zhang Q, Wang C, Zhu Y, Bai G (2007) Preparation of novel immunomagnetic cellulose microspheres via cellulose binding domain-protein A linkage and its use for the isolation of interferon α-2b. J Chromatogr A 1149(2):228–235
Carrilho E, Martinez AW, Whitesides GM (2009) Understanding wax printing: a simple micropatterning process for paper-based microfluidics. Anal Chem 81(16):7091–7095
Cate DM, Adkins JA, Mettakoonpitak J, Henry CS (2014) Recent developments in paper-based microfluidic devices. Anal Chem 87(1):19–41
Chen Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Wu X, Xu L, Kuang H, Li A, Xu C (2015) A gold immunochromatographic assay for the rapid and simultaneous detection of fifteen β-lactams. Nanoscale 7(39):16381–16388
Chin CD, Linder V, Sia SK (2012) Commercialization of microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices. Lab Chip 12(12):2118–2134
Craig SJ, Shu A, Xu Y, Foong FC, Nordon R (2007) Chimeric protein for selective cell attachment onto cellulosic substrates. Protein Eng Des Sel 20(5):235–241
Delaney JL, Hogan CF, Tian J, Shen W (2011) Electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection in paper-based microfluidic sensors. Anal Chem 83(4):1300–1306
Delaney JL, Doeven EH, Harsant AJ, Hogan CF (2013) Use of a mobile phone for potentiostatic control with low cost paper-based microfluidic sensors. Anal Chim Acta 790:56–60
Demirel G, Babur E (2014) Vapor-phase deposition of polymers as a simple and versatile technique to generate paper-based microfluidic platforms for bioassay applications. Analyst 139(10):2326–2331
Deng L, Zhang L, Shang L, Guo S, Wen D, Wang F, Dong S (2009) Electrochemiluminescence detection of NADH and ethanol based on partial sulfonation of sol–gel network with gold nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 24(7):2273–2276
Doeven EH, Barbante GJ, Kerr E, Hogan CF, Endler JA, Francis PS (2014) Red–green–blue electrogenerated chemiluminescence utilizing a digital camera as detector. Anal Chem 86(5):2727–2732
Dossi N, Toniolo R, Piccin E, Susmel S, Pizzariello A, Bontempelli G (2013) Pencil-drawn dual electrode detectors to discriminate between analytes comigrating on paper-based fluidic devices but undergoing electrochemical processes with different reversibility. Electroanalysis 25(11):2515–2522
Dossi N, Toniolo R, Terzi F, Impellizzieri F, Bontempelli G (2014) Pencil leads doped with electrochemically deposited Ag and AgCl for drawing reference electrodes on paper-based electrochemical devices. Electrochim Acta 146:518–524
Dungchai W, Chailapakul O, Henry CS (2009) Electrochemical detection for paper-based microfluidics. Anal Chem 81(14):5821–5826
Dungchai W, Chailapakul O, Henry CS (2011) A low-cost, simple, and rapid fabrication method for paper-based microfluidics using wax screen-printing. Analyst 136(1):77–82
Evans E, Gabriel EFM, Benavidez TE, Coltro WKT, Garcia CD (2014a) Modification of microfluidic paper-based devices with silica nanoparticles. Analyst 139(21):5560–5567
Evans E, Gabriel EFM, Coltro WKT, Garcia CD (2014b) Rational selection of substrates to improve color intensity and uniformity on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Analyst 139(9):2127–2132
Feng X, Pelton R, Leduc M (2006) Mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte complex films based on polyvinylamine and carboxymethyl cellulose. Ind Eng Chem Res 45(20):6665–6671
Feng QM, Pan JB, Zhang HR, Xu JJ, Chen HY (2014) Disposable paper-based bipolar electrode for sensitive electrochemiluminescence detection of a cancer biomarker. Chem Commun 50(75):10949–10951
Fenton EM, Mascarenas MR, López GP, Sibbett SS (2008) Multiplex lateral-flow test strips fabricated by two-dimensional sha**. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 1(1):124–129
Forster RJ, Bertoncello P, Keyes TE (2009) Electrogenerated chemiluminescence. Annu Rev Anal Chem 2:359–385
Free AH, Adams EC, Kercher ML, Free HM, Coo MH (1957) Simple specific test for urine glucose. Clin Chem 3(3):163–168
Fu E, Kauffman P, Lutz B, Yager P (2010) Chemical signal amplification in two-dimensional paper networks. Sens Actuators B 149(1):325–328
Fujii T (2002) PDMS-based microfluidic devices for biomedical applications. Microelectron Eng 61:907–914
Gabriel EF, Garcia PT, Cardoso TM, Lopes FM, Martins FT, Coltro WK (2016) Highly sensitive colorimetric detection of glucose and uric acid in biological fluids using chitosan-modified paper microfluidic devices. Analyst 141:4749–4756
Ge L, Yu J, Ge S, Yan M (2014) Lab-on-paper-based devices using chemiluminescence and electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 406(23):5613–5630
Gerbers R, Foellscher W, Chen H, Anagnostopoulos C, Faghri M (2014) A new paper-based platform technology for point-of-care diagnostics. Lab Chip 14(20):4042–4049
Gomes HI, Sales MGF (2015) Development of paper-based color test-strip for drug detection in aquatic environment: application to oxytetracycline. Biosens Bioelectron 65:54–61
Jansen RT, Blaton V, Burnett D, Huisman W, Queraltó JM, Zérah S, Allman B (1998) Additional essential criteria for quality systems of medical laboratories. Clin Chem Lab Med 36(4):249–252
Jayawardane BM, Wei S, McKelvie ID, Kolev SD (2014) Microfluidic paper-based analytical device for the determination of nitrite and nitrate. Anal Chem 86(15):7274–7279
Li X, Liu X (2014) Fabrication of three-dimensional microfluidic channels in a single layer of cellulose paper. Microfluid Nanofluid 16(5):819–827
Li X, Tian J, Garnier G, Shen W (2010) Fabrication of paper-based microfluidic sensors by printing. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 76(2):564–570
Li X, Ballerini DR, Shen W (2012) A perspective on paper-based microfluidics: current status and future trends. Biomicrofluidics 6(1):011301
Li W, Li L, Li M, Yu J, Ge S, Yan M, Song X (2013) Development of a 3D origami multiplex electrochemical immunodevice using a nanoporous silver-paper electrode and metal ion functionalized nanoporous gold–chitosan. Chem Commun 49(83):9540–9542
Li L, Ma C, Kong Q, Li W, Zhang Y, Ge S, Yan M, Yu J (2014a) A 3D origami electrochemical immunodevice based on a Au@ Pd alloy nanoparticle-paper electrode for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. J Mater Chem B 2(38):6669–6674
Li L, Xu J, Zheng X, Ma C, Song X, Ge S, Yu J, Yan M (2014b) Growth of gold-manganese oxide nanostructures on a 3D origami device for glucose-oxidase label based electrochemical immunosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 61:76–82
Liana DD, Raguse B, Wieczorek L, Baxter GR, Chuah K, Gooding JJ, Chow E (2013) Sintered gold nanoparticles as an electrode material for paper-based electrochemical sensors. RSC Adv 3(23):8683–8691
Liu H, Crooks RM (2011) Three-dimensional paper microfluidic devices assembled using the principles of origami. J Am Chem Soc 133(44):17564–17566
Liu F, Ge S, Yu J, Yan M, Song X (2014) Electrochemical device based on a Pt nanosphere-paper working electrode for in situ and real-time determination of the flux of H2O2 releasing from SK-BR-3 cancer cells. Chem Commun 50(71):10315–10318
Lopez-Ruiz N, Curto VF, Erenas MM, Benito-Lopez F, Diamond D, Palma AJ, Capitan-Vallvey LF (2014) Smartphone-based simultaneous pH and nitrite colorimetric determination for paper microfluidic devices. Anal Chem 86(19):9554–9562
Lu Y, Shi W, Jiang L, Qin J, Lin B (2009) Rapid prototy** of paper-based microfluidics with wax for low-cost, portable bioassay. Electrophoresis 30(9):1497–1500
Lu J, Ge S, Ge L, Yan M, Yu J (2012) Electrochemical DNA sensor based on three-dimensional folding paper device for specific and sensitive point-of-care testing. Electrochim Acta 80:334–341
Ma S, Tang Y, Liu J, Wu J (2014) Visible paper chip immunoassay for rapid determination of bacteria in water distribution system. Talanta 120:135–140
Ma C, Li W, Kong Q, Yang H, Bian Z, Song X, Yu J, Yan M (2015) 3D origami electrochemical immunodevice for sensitive point-of-care testing based on dual-signal amplification strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 63:7–13
Mabey D, Peeling RW, Ustianowski A, Perkins MD (2004) Tropical infectious diseases: diagnostics for the develo** world. Nat Rev Microbiol 2(3):231–240
Maejima K, Tomikawa S, Suzuki K, Citterio D (2013) Inkjet printing: an integrated and green chemical approach to microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. RSC Adv 3(24):9258–9263
Martinez AW, Phillips ST, Butte MJ, Whitesides GM (2007) Patterned paper as a platform for inexpensive, low-volume, portable bioassays. Angew Chem Int Ed 46(8):1318–1320
Martinez AW, Phillips ST, Whitesides GM (2008) Three-dimensional microfluidic devices fabricated in layered paper and tape. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(50):19606–19611
Martinez AW, Phillips ST, Whitesides GM, Carrilho E (2009) Diagnostics for the develo** world: microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Anal Chem 82(1):3–10
Müller RH, Clegg DL (1949) Automatic paper chromatography. Anal Chem 21(9):1123–1125
Nath P, Arun RK, Chanda N (2015) Smart gold nanosensor for easy sensing of lead and copper ions in solution and using paper strips. RSC Adv 5(84):69024–69031
Nguyen TH, Fraiwan A, Choi S (2014) Paper-based batteries: a review. Biosens Bioelectron 54:640–649
Nie Z, Nijhuis CA, Gong J, Chen X, Kumachev A, Martinez AW, Narovlyansky M, Whitesides GM (2010) Electrochemical sensing in paper-based microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 10(4):477–483
Nie J, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Le S, Li D, Zhang S (2013) One-step patterning of hollow microstructures in paper by laser cutting to create microfluidic analytical devices. Analyst 138(2):671–676
Noor MO, Krull UJ (2014) Camera-based ratiometric fluorescence transduction of nucleic acid hybridization with reagentless signal amplification on a paper-based platform using immobilized quantum dots as donors. Anal Chem 86(20):10331–10339
Nurak T, Praphairaksit N, Chailapakul O (2013) Fabrication of paper-based devices by lacquer spraying method for the determination of nickel (II) ion in waste water. Talanta 114:291–296
Olkkonen J, Lehtinen K, Erho T (2010) Flexographically printed fluidic structures in paper. Anal Chem 82(24):10246–10250
Ornatska M, Sharpe E, Andreescu D, Andreescu S (2011) Paper bioassay based on ceria nanoparticles as colorimetric probes. Anal Chem 83(11):4273–4280
Parolo C, Merkoçi A (2013) Paper-based nanobiosensors for diagnostics. Chem Soc Rev 42(2):450–457
Petryayeva E, Algar WR (2015) Toward point-of-care diagnostics with consumer electronic devices: the expanding role of nanoparticles. RSC Adv 5(28):22256–22282
Renault C, Li X, Fosdick SE, Crooks RM (2013) Hollow-channel paper analytical devices. Anal Chem 85(16):7976–7979
Renault C, Koehne J, Ricco AJ, Crooks RM (2014) Three-dimensional wax patterning of paper fluidic devices. Langmuir 30(23):7030–7036
Richter MM (2004) Electrochemiluminescence (ecl). Chem Rev 104(6):3003–3036
Rosa AM, Louro AF, Martins SA, Inácio J, Azevedo AM, Prazeres DMF (2014) Capture and detection of DNA hybrids on paper via the anchoring of antibodies with fusions of carbohydrate binding modules and ZZ-domains. Anal Chem 86(9):4340–4347
Saito T, Isogai A (2007) Wet strength improvement of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose sheets prepared with cationic polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 46(3):773–780
Santhiago M, Kubota LT (2013) A new approach for paper-based analytical devices with electrochemical detection based on graphite pencil electrodes. Sens Actuators B 177:224–230
Santhiago M, Henry CS, Kubota LT (2014) Low cost, simple three dimensional electrochemical paper-based analytical device for determination of p-nitrophenol. Electrochim Acta 130:771–777
Scida K, Li B, Ellington AD, Crooks RM (2013) DNA detection using origami paper analytical devices. Anal Chem 85(20):9713–9720
Shi Z, Wu X, Gao L, Tian Y, Yu L (2014) Electrodes/paper sandwich devices for in situ sensing of hydrogen peroxide secretion from cells growing in gels-in-paper 3-dimensional matrix. Anal Methods 6(12):4446–4454
Shi Z, Tian Y, Wu X, Li C, Yu L (2015) A one-piece lateral flow impedimetric test strip for label-free clenbuterol detection. Anal Methods 7(12):4957–4964
Songjaroen T, Dungchai W, Chailapakul O, Laiwattanapaisal W (2011) Novel, simple and low-cost alternative method for fabrication of paper-based microfluidics by wax dip**. Talanta 85(5):2587–2593
Spicar-Mihalic P, Toley B, Houghtaling J, Liang T, Yager P, Fu E (2013) CO2 laser cutting and ablative etching for the fabrication of paper-based devices. J Micromech Microeng 23(6):067003
Su S, Nutiu R, Filipe CD, Li Y, Pelton R (2007) Adsorption and covalent coupling of ATP-binding DNA aptamers onto cellulose. Langmuir 23(3):1300–1302
Su M, Ge L, Kong Q, Zheng X, Ge S, Li N, Yu J, Yan M (2015) Cyto-sensing in electrochemical lab-on-paper cyto-device for in-situ evaluation of multi-glycan expressions on cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 63:232–239
Sun J, **anyu Y, Jiang X (2014) Point-of-care biochemical assays using gold nanoparticle-implemented microfluidics. Chem Soc Rev 43(17):6239–6253
Thuo MM, Martinez RV, Lan WJ, Liu X, Barber J, Atkinson MB, Bandarage D, Bloch JF, Whitesides GM (2014) Fabrication of low-cost paper-based microfluidic devices by embossing or cut-and-stack methods. Chem Mater 26(14):4230–4237
Tobjörk D, Österbacka R (2011) Paper electronics. Adv Mater 23(17):1935–1961
Tolba M, Brovko LY, Minikh O, Griffiths MW (2008) Engineering of bacteriophages displaying affinity tags on its head for biosensor applications. NSTI Nanotechnol 2:449–452
Wang CC, Hennek JW, Ainla A, Kumar AA, Lan WJ, Im J, Smith BS, Zhao M, Whitesides GM (2016) A paper-based “pop-up” electrochemical device for analysis of beta-hydroxybutyrate. Anal Chem 88(12):6326–6333
Wu AH, Apple FS, Gibler WB, Jesse RL, Warshaw MM, Valdes R (1999) National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Standards of Laboratory Practice: recommendations for the use of cardiac markers in coronary artery diseases. Clin Chem 45(7):1104–1121
Yamada K, Takaki S, Komuro N, Suzuki K, Citterio D (2014) An antibody-free microfluidic paper-based analytical device for the determination of tear fluid lactoferrin by fluorescence sensitization of Tb3+. Analyst 139(7):1637–1643
Yang J, Nam YG, Lee SK, Kim CS, Koo YM, Chang WJ, Gunasekaran S (2014) Paper-fluidic electrochemical biosensing platform with enzyme paper and enzymeless electrodes. Sens Actuators B 203:44–53
Yetisen AK, Akram MS, Lowe CR (2013) Paper-based microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices. Lab Chip 13(12):2210–2251
Yu J, Ge L, Huang J, Wang S, Ge S (2011a) Microfluidic paper-based chemiluminescence biosensor for simultaneous determination of glucose and uric acid. Lab Chip 11(7):1286–1291
Yu J, Wang S, Ge L, Ge S (2011b) A novel chemiluminescence paper microfluidic biosensor based on enzymatic reaction for uric acid determination. Biosens Bioelectron 26(7):3284–3289
Yu L, Shi Z, Fang C, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li C (2015) Disposable lateral flow-through strip for smartphone-camera to quantitatively detect alkaline phosphatase activity in milk. Biosens Bioelectron 69:307–315
Zhang M, Ge L, Ge S, Yan M, Yu J, Huang J, Liu S (2013) Three-dimensional paper-based electrochemiluminescence device for simultaneous detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ based on potential-control technique. Biosens Bioelectron 41:544–550
Zhang Y, Zuo P, Ye BC (2015) A low-cost and simple paper-based microfluidic device for simultaneous multiplex determination of different types of chemical contaminants in food. Biosens Bioelectron 68:14–19
Zhao W, Ali MM, Aguirre SD, Brook MA, Li Y (2008) Paper-based bioassays using gold nanoparticle colorimetric probes. Anal Chem 80(22):8431–8437
Zhou F, Noor MO, Krull UJ (2014) Luminescence resonance energy transfer-based nucleic acid hybridization assay on cellulose paper with upconverting phosphor as donors. Anal Chem 86(5):2719–2726
Zhu Y, Xu X, Brault ND, Keefe AJ, Han X, Deng Y, Xu J, Yu Q, Jiang S (2014a) Cellulose paper sensors modified with zwitterionic poly (carboxybetaine) for sensing and detection in complex media. Anal Chem 86(6):2871–2875
Zhu WJ, Feng DQ, Chen M, Chen ZD, Zhu R, Fang HL, Wang W (2014b) Bienzyme colorimetric detection of glucose with self-calibration based on tree-shaped paper strip. Sens Actuators B 190:414–418
Acknowledgments
Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31200700 and 21375108), Science Foundation of Chongqing (cstc2014jcyjA10070), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK2015B020, XDJK2016A010 and XDJK2016D001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shi, Z.Z., Lu, Y., Yu, L. (2017). Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Point-of-Care Diagnosis. In: Chandra, P., Tan, Y., Singh, S. (eds) Next Generation Point-of-care Biomedical Sensors Technologies for Cancer Diagnosis. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4726-8_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4726-8_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-4725-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-4726-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)