SpringerLink
Log in

Viola odorata

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Edible Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (Brazil)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (Brazil)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (Brazil)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (Brazil)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Selected References

  • Ahmad H, Khan SM, Ghafoor S, Ali N (2009) Ethnobotanical study of Upper Siran. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 15:86–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Akhbari M, Batooli H, Kashi FJ (2012) Composition of essential oil and biological activity of extracts of Viola odorata L. from central Iran. Nat Prod Res 26(9):802–809

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Heali FM, Rahemo Z (2006) The combined effect of two aqueous extracts on the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis, in vitro. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 30(4):272–274

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amer A, Mehlhorn H (2006) Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. Parasitol Res 99(4):478–490

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2012) Edible flowers guide. http://www.thompson-morgan.com/edible-flowers

  • Ansari M, Rafiee K, Yasa N, Vardasbi S, Naimi SM, Nowrouzi A (2010) Measurement of melatonin in alcoholic and hot water extracts of Tanacetum parthenium, Tripleurospermum disciforme and Viola odorata. DARU 18(3):173–178

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Antil V, Kumar P, Kannappan N, Diwan A, Saini P, Singh S (2011) Evaluation of the analgesic activity of Viola odorata aerial parts in rats. J Nat Pharm 2:24–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arora DS, Kaur GJ (2007) Antibacterial activity of some Indian medicinal plants. J Nat Med 61(3):313–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Backer CA, Bakhuizen van den Brink RC Jr (1963) Flora of Java, vol 1. Noordhoff, Groningen, 648 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Barash CW (1997) Edible flowers desserts and drinks. Fulcrum Publishing, Golden, 84 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbeta BL, Marshall AT, Gillon AD, Craik DJ, Anderson MA (2008) Plant cyclotides disrupt epithelial cells in the midgut of lepidopteran larvae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(4):1221–1225

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beierbeck H, Saunders JK (1980) Analysis of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of acyclic hydrocarbons. Can J Chem 58:1258–1265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bibi S, Dastagir G, Hussain F, Sanaullah P (2006) Elemental composition of Viola odorata Linn. Pak J Plant Sci 12(2):41–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Bown D (1995) Encyclopaedia of herbs and their uses. Dorling Kindersley, London, 424 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunke EJ, Ritter F, Schmaus G (1996) New data on trace components with sensory relevance in flower scents. Dragoco Rep 1:5–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnie G, Fenton-Smith J (1996) A growers guide to herbs. Murdoch Books, Sydney, 96 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Chevallier A (1996) The encyclopedia of medicinal plants. Dorling Kindersley, London, 336 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiej R (1984) The Macdonald encyclopaedia of medicinal plants. Macdonald & Co., London, 447 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC (1986) Glossary of Indian medicinal plants (including the supplement). Council Scientific Industrial Research, New Delhi, 330 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Colgrave ML, Kotze AC, Ireland DC, Wang CK, Craik DJ (2008) The anthelmintic activity of the cyclotides: natural variants with enhanced activity. Chembiochem 9(12):1939–1945

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Craik DJ, Daly NL, Bond T, Waine C (1999) Plant cyclotides: a unique family of cyclic and knotted proteins that defines the cyclic cystine knot structural motif. J Mol Biol 294:1327–1336

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cu JQ, Perineau F, Gaset A (1992) Volatile components of violet leaves. Phytochemistry 31(2):571–573

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drozdova I, Bubenchikov R (2005) Composition and antiinflammatory activity of polysaccharide complexes extracted from sweet violet and low mallow. Pharm Chem J 39(4):197–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duke JA, Ayensu ES (1985) Medicinal plants of China, vol 1 & 2. Reference Publications Inc., Algonac, 705 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SM, Nabavi SF, Bahramian F, Bekhradnia AR (2010) Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of H. officinalis L. var. angustifolius, V. odorata, B. hyrcana and C. speciosum. Pak J Pharm Sci 23(1):29–34

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Facciola S (1990) Cornucopia. A source book of edible plants. Kampong Publications, Vista, 677 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Garland S (1993) The complete book of herbs & spices. Holder & Stoughton, Sydney, 288 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerlach SL, Rathinakumar R, Chakravarty G, Göransson U, Wimley WC, Darwin SP, Mondal D (2010) Anticancer and chemosensitizing abilities of cycloviolacin 02 from Viola odorata and psyle cyclotides from Psychotria leptothyrsa. Biopolymers 94(5):617–625

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Göransson U, Sjögren M, Svangård E, Claeson P, Bohlin L (2004) Reversible antifouling effect of the cyclotide cycloviolacin O2 against barnacles. J Nat Prod 67(8):1287–1290

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gran L (1973) On the effect of a polypeptide isolated from “Kalata‐Kalata”(Oldenlandia affinis DC) on the oestrogen dominated uterus. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 33(5–6):400–408

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grieve M (1971) A modern herbal, 2 vols. Penguin, London; Dover, New York, 919 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson KR, McKee TC, Bokesch HR (2004) Anti-HIV cyclotides. Curr Protein Pept Sci 5(5):331–340

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammami I, Kamoun N, Rebai A (2011) Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea with essential oil and methanol extract of Viola odorata L. flowers. Arch Appl Sci Res 3(5):44–51

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrington HD (1974) Edible native plants of the Rocky Mountains. University New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 392 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Henriques ST, Huang YH, Rosengren KJ, Franquelim HG, Carvalho FA, Johnson A, Sonza S, Tachedjian G, Castanho MA, Daly NL, Craik DJ (2011) Decoding the membrane activity of the cyclotide kalata B1: the importance of phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipids and lipid organization on hemolytic and anti-HIV activities. J Biol Chem 286(27):24231–24241

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann A, Svangard E, Claeson P, Gullbo J, Bohlin L, Goransson U (2006) Key role of glutamic acid for the cytotoxic activity of the cyclotide cycloviolacin O2. Cell Mol Life Sci 63(2):235–245

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang YH, Colgrave ML, Daly NL, Keleshian A, Martinac B, Craik DJ (2009) The biological activity of the prototypic cyclotide kalata b1 is modulated by the formation of multimeric pores. J Biol Chem 284:20699–20707

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ireland DC, Colgrave ML, Craik DJ (2006a) A novel suite of cyclotides from Viola odorata: sequence variation and the implications for structure, function and stability. Biochem J 400(Pt 1):1–12

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ireland DC, Colgrave ML, Nguyencong P, Daly NL, Craik DJ (2006b) Discovery and characterization of a linear cyclotide from Viola odorata: implications for the processing of circular proteins. J Mol Biol 357(5):1522–1535

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ireland DC, Wang CK, Wilson JA, Gustafson KR, Craik DJ (2008) Cyclotides as natural anti-HIV agents. Biopolymers 90(1):51–60

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings C, West J, Waine C, Craik DJ, Anderson M (2001) Biosynthesis and insecticidal properties of plant cyclotides: the cyclic knotted proteins from Oldenlandia affinis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(19):10614–10619

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings C, Rosengren KJ, Daly NL, Plan MR, Stevens J, Scanlon MJ, Waine C, Norman DG, Anderson MA, Craik DJ (2005) Isolation, solution structure, and insecticidal activity of kalata B2, a circular protein with a twist: do Möbius strips exist in Nature? Biochemistry 44:851–860

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karioti A, Furlan C, Vincieri FF, Bilia AR (2011) Analysis of the constituents and quality control of Viola odorata aqueous preparations by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 399(4):1715–1723

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keville K (1991) The illustrated herb encyclopedia: a complete culinary, cosmetic, medicinal and ornamental guide to herbs. BDD Promotional Book Co. New York, 224 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Khattak SG, Gilani SN, Ikram M (1985) Antipyretic studies on some indigenous Pakistani medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 14:45–51

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koochek M, Pipelzadeh M, Mardani H (2003) The effectiveness of Viola odorata in the prevention and treatment of formalin-induced lung damage in the rat. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 10(2):95–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamaison JL, Petitjean FC, Carnat A (1991) The violet flower: a comparison between Viola lutea, Viola calerata and Viola odorata. Plant Med Phytother 25:79–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lauderdale C, Evans E (1999) Edible flowers. NC State University Horticulture Information Leaflets 1/99 HIL-8513. http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/hil/hil-8513.html

  • Leporatti ML, Ivancheva S (2003) Preliminary comparative analysis of medicinal plants used in the traditional medicine of Bulgaria and Italy. J Ethnopharm 87:123–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium (1976) Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium/Cornell University/Wiley, New York, 1312 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindholm P, Göransson U, Johansson S, Claeson P, Gullbo J, Larsson R, Bohlin L, Backlund A (2002) Cyclotides: a novel type of cytotoxic agents. Mol Cancer Ther 1(6):365–369

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lust JB (1974) The herb book. Bantam Books, New York, 174 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • MacNicol M (1967) Flower cookery. Fleet Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Meusinger R (2012) Solution to ‘little western flower’ challenge. Anal Bioanal Chem 402(7):2231

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mittal S (2013) Thin layer chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography profiling of plant extracts of Viola odorata Linn. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 4(1):542–549

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mlcek J, Rop O (2011) Fresh edible flowers of ornamental plants—a new source of nutraceutical foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 22(10):561–569

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morton JF (1976) Herbs and spices. Golden Press, New York, 160 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman SE, O’Connor AS (2009) Edible flowers. Colorado State University Extension. Fact sheet no. 7.237. http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/garden/07237.pdf

  • Ovesen RG, Göransson U, Hansen SH, Nielsen J, Hansen HC (2011) A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method for quantification of cyclotides in plants avoiding sorption during sample preparation. J Chromatogr A 1218(44):7964–7970

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perwaiz S, Sultana S (1998) Antitumorigenic effect of crude extract of Viola odorata on DMBA-induced two stage skin carcinogenesis in the Swiss albino mice. Asia Pac J Pharmacol 13(1):43–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips R, Foy N (1992) Herbs. Pan Macmillan Limited, London, 192 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips R, Rix M (1998) Salad plants for your garden. Pan Macmillan Limited, London, 96 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Plan MR, Saska I, Cagauan AG, Craik DJ (2008) Backbone cyclised peptides from plants show molluscicidal activity against the rice pest Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail). J Agric Food Chem 56(13):5237–5241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pränting M, Lööv C, Burman R, Göransson U, Andersson DI (2010) The cyclotide cycloviolacin O2 from Viola odorata has potent bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 65(9):1964–1971

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rebuelta M, Vivas JM, San Roman L, G-Serranillos Fdez M (1983) Study of the diuretic effect of different preparations of Viola odorata. Plant Med Phytother 17:215–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues VH, Cardoso C, Paixao JA, Costa MM (2007) 2, 2, 6, 6-Tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidinium nitrate. Acta Crystallogr C 63(Pt 4):o243–o245

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmelzer GH, Horsten SFAJ (2001) Viola L. In: van Valkenburg JLCH, Bunyapraphatsara N (eds) Plant resources of South-East Asia no. 12(2): medicinal and poisonous plants 2. Backhuys Publisher, Leiden, pp 578–581

    Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqi HS, Mehmood MH, Rehman NU, Gilani AH (2012) Studies on the antihypertensive and antidyslipidemic activities of Viola odorata leaves extract. Lipids Health Dis 11:6

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Small E (1997) Culinary herbs (NRC-CNRC monograph). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 710 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Stojković D, Glamočlija J, Ćirić A, Šiljegović J, Nikolić M, Soković M (2011) Free radical scavenging activity of Viola odorata water extracts. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 17(3):285–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Svangård E, Göransson U, Smith D, Verma C, Backlund A, Bohlin L, Claeson P (2003) Primary and 3-D modelled structures of two cyclotides from Viola odorata. Phytochemistry 64(1):135–142

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Svangård E, Burman R, Gunasekera S, Lövborg H, Gullbo J, Göransson U (2007) Mechanism of action of cytotoxic cyclotides: cycloviolacin O2 disrupts lipid membranes. J Nat Prod 70(4):643–647

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • The Plant List (2013) Viola odorata L. http://www.theplantlist.org/

  • Uphof JCT (1968) Dictionary of economic plants, 2nd edn (1st edn 1959). Cramer, Lehre, 591 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Vishal A, Parveen K, Pooja S, Kannappan N, Kumar S (2009) Diuretic, laxative and toxicity studies of Viola odorata aerial parts. Pharmacologyonline 1:739–748

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahba HE, El Gait AEM (1994) Studies on Viola odorata L. 3. Identification of some constituents in absolute oil of Viola odorata L. Ann. Agric Sci Moshtohor 32(1):457–468

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson H (2013) Anonymous (2013) Chelsea flower show: guide to edible flowers. http://food.uk.msn.com/food/edible-flowers-chelsea-flower-show?page=3#image=11

  • Zarrabi M, Dalirfardouei R, Sepehrizade Z, Kermanshahi RK (2013) Comparison of the antimicrobial effects of semipurified cyclotides from Iranian Viola odorata against some of plant and human pathogenic bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 115:367–375

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ziad D, Elias A, Roula AM (2012) Antibacterial activity of Rheum rhaponticum, Olea europaea, and Viola odorata on ESBL producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2(7):1669–1678

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Canberra, Aust Capital Terr, Australia

    T. K. Lim

Authors
  1. T. K. Lim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. K. Lim .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lim, T.K. (2014). Viola odorata. In: Edible Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8748-2_68

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation