Abstract
Mainly 4 groups of biological indicators are employed in the assessment of animal welfare within animal husbandry and management systems: (1) Physiological, biochemical and biophysical indicators, (2) ethological indicators, (3) pathological indicators including morbidity and mortality rates, (4) production performance. All categories of indicators relevant to animal welfare contain problems either in gaining the information necessary for judgement and/or in interpreting observations or values of animal reactions to environmental situations and/or concerning the present knowledge on correlations between potential indicators and their relevance to animal suffering or well-being. Therefore, the combination of single criteria in an integrated system of indicators improve the basis for judgements relevant to animal welfare in husbandry-, housing- and production systems. Problems are still remaining concerning the composition of integrated systems and the establishment of weighing factors for the criteria included.
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© 1983 ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg
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Smidt, D. (1983). Advantages and Problems of Using Integrated Systems of Indicators as Compared to Single Traits. In: Smidt, D. (eds) Indicators Relevant to Farm Animal Welfare. Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, vol 23. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6738-0_26
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6738-0_26
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