Abstract
Pure Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) is a very promising method for the detection and identification of illicit materials such as explosives and narcotics. NQR based machines are able to test closed luggage for illicit materials not readily identifiable by other methods. The application of the pure NQR method for screening of airport luggage is discussed. An advanced NQR machine which is a mid-sized luggage scanner has been developed by QRSciences Limited for use primarily in airports. The basic design, performance and some characteristics of this machine are reported.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rudakov T. N. 1999 Magnetic Resonance: Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance, Instrumentation. In: Encyclopedia of spectroscopy and spectrometry, ed J. C. Lindon, G. E. Tranter and J. L. Holmes, Academic Press, London., vol.2,, pp.1663–1671.
Marino R A and Klainer S M 1977 Multiple spin echoes in pure quadrupole resonance J. Chem. Phys. 67 3388–89. Hirshfeld T and Klainer S M 1980 Short range remote NQR measurements J. Molec. Struct. 58 63–77. Klainer S M, Hirschfeld T B and Marino R A 1982 Fourier transform NQR spectroscopy. Fourier, Hadamard and Hilbert transforms in chemistry (A G Marshal ed.) Plenum NY pp 147–181
Harding J C, Wade D A, Marino R A, Sauer E G and Klainer S M 1979 A pulsed NQR-FTT spectrometer for nitrogen-14 J. Magn. Reson. 36 21–33.
Bradford R, Clay C and Stick E 1951 A steady-state transient technique in nuclear induction Phys. Rev. 84 157–58.
Carr H Y 1958 Steady-state free precession in nuclear magnetic resonance Phys. Rev. 112 1693–1701.
Ernst R R and Anderson W A 1966 Applications of Fourier transform spectroscopy to magnetic resonance Rev. Sci. Instrum. 37 93–102.
Freeman R and Hill H D W 1971 Phase and intensity anomalies in Fourier transform NMR J. Magn. Reson. 4 366–83.
Buess M L, Garroway A N and Miller J B 1991 NQR detection using a meanderline surface coil J. Magn. Reson. 92 348–62.
Rudakov T N and Belyakov A V 1998 Modifications of the steady-state free- precession sequences for the detection of pure nuclear quadrupole resonance J. Phys.D: Appl.Phys. 31 1251–56.
Rudakov T N and Mikhaltsevich V T 2000 Steady-state free-precession in nitrogen-14 quadrupolar spin-system with axially symmetric electric field gradient tensor. Chem. Phys. Lett, 324, pp. 69–74.
Ostroff E D and Waugh J S 1966 Multiple spin echoes and spin locking in solids Phys. Rev. Lett. 16 1097.
Gerothanassis I P., 1987 Methods of Avoiding the Effects of Acoustic Ringing in Pulsed Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Progress in NMR Srectroscoov, 19,267–329.
Fukushima E. and Roeder S. B. W. 1981 Experimental pulse NMR: A nuts and bolts approach., Perseus Books Publishing, Reading, Massachusetts.
Garroway A N, Buess M L, Yesinowski J P and Miller J B 1994 Narcotics and explosives detection by 14N pure NQR. Substance detection Systems (1993), SPIE Proceedings 2092 318–27.
Abe Y. 1967 Nuclear quadrupole relaxation of nitrogen in hydrazine. J. Phys. Soc. Japan. 23, 51–69.
Petersen G. and Bray P.J. 1976 14N nuclear quadrupole resonance and relaxation measurements of sodium nitrite. J. Chem. Phys. 64 522–30.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this paper
Cite this paper
Flexman, J.H., Rudakov, T.N., Hayes, P.A., Shanks, N., Mikhaltsevitch, V.T., Chisholm, W.P. (2004). The Detection of Explosives in Airport Luggage Using the Direct Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Method. In: Schubert, H., Kuznetsov, A. (eds) Detection of Bulk Explosives Advanced Techniques against Terrorism. NATO Science Series, vol 138. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0962-1_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0962-1_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-1934-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0962-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive